parfois [paʀfwa]

sometimes, occasionally (adverb) ●

• Parfois, je préfère rester à la maison plutôt que sortir. (Sometimes, I prefer staying home rather than going out.)

from time to time, sometimes, occasionally, on occasion (adverb) ●

• Parfois, un vieux souvenir me revient soudain à l’esprit. (From time to time, an old memory suddenly comes back to me.)

lors [lɔʀ]

during, while (adverbial phrase) ●

• Lors de la cérémonie, tout le monde était très ému. (During the ceremony, everyone was very emotional.)

sérieux [seʀjø]

serious (adjective) ●

• Son visage sérieux indique qu’il y a un problème. (His serious face indicates that there is a problem.)

conscientious, hardworking, hard-working (adjective) ●

• Il est un étudiant sérieux qui prépare toujours ses examens à l’avance. (He is a conscientious student who always prepares his exams in advance.)

responsible, sensible (adjective) ●

• Nous avons besoin d’un partenaire sérieux pour ce projet important. (We need a responsible partner for this important project.)

careful, thorough (adjective) ●

• Le médecin a effectué un examen sérieux avant de poser son diagnostic. (The doctor performed a thorough examination before making his diagnosis.)

serious (adjective: important) ●

• C’est une décision sérieuse qui aura des conséquences durables. (This is a serious decision that will have lasting consequences.)

serious, profound, heavy (adjective: book, film) ●

• Ce film sérieux traite des problèmes sociaux contemporains. (This heavy film deals with contemporary social issues.)

solemnity, seriousness (noun [m]) ●

• Le sérieux de l’atmosphère rendait la réunion intimidante. (The solemnity of the atmosphere made the meeting intimidating.)

diligence, conscientiousness (noun [m]) ●

• Son sérieux au travail lui a valu une promotion rapide. (His diligence at work earned him a quick promotion.)

aider [ɛde]

help, assist, help [sb] out, support (transitive verb) ●

• Les voisins se sont proposés pour aider à déménager les meubles. (The neighbors offered to help move the furniture.)

help [sb] to do [sth], help [sb] do [sth], help [sb] with doing [sth], help [sb] with [sth] (verb phrase) ●

• Ce tutoriel aide à comprendre les bases de la programmation. (This tutorial helps to understand the basics of programming.)

help each other, help one another, help each other out (reflexive verb) ●

• Dans l’équipe, les membres s’aident pour atteindre les objectifs. (In the team, the members help each other to reach the goals.)

help [sb] out, help (transitive verb: financial) ●

• La famille l’a aidé financièrement pendant ses études. (The family helped him out financially during his studies.)

help to do [sth], help with [sth], assist in [sth], assist with [sth], assist in doing [sth] (transitive verb indirect) ●

• Ces vitamines aident à renforcer le système immunitaire. (These vitamins help to strengthen the immune system.)

use, make use of [sth], use [sth] to help you do [sth], avail yourself of [sth], do [sth] with the help of [sth] (reflexive verb) ●

• Pour résoudre le puzzle, il s’aide d’un dictionnaire. (To solve the puzzle, he uses a dictionary.)

voix [vwa]

voice (noun [f]) ●

• Sa voix douce apaise les enfants quand ils ont peur. (Her soft voice calms the children when they are scared.)

voice, anonymous voice, unknown voice (noun [f]) ●

• Au téléphone, une voix inconnue demanda à parler au directeur. (On the phone, an unknown voice asked to speak to the director.)

vote (noun [f]) ●

• Chaque voix compte lors des élections présidentielles. (Every vote counts in presidential elections.)

terminer [tɛʀmine]

finish (transitive verb) ●

• Elle doit terminer son devoir avant de sortir jouer. (She must finish her homework before going out to play.)

finish doing [sth] (verb phrase) ●

• Nous avons terminé de préparer le dîner juste à temps. (We finished preparing dinner just in time.)

finish, end, be over (reflexive verb) ●

• Le film se termine enfin après deux heures. (The movie is finally over after two hours.)

finish, end, close (transitive verb) ●

• Le conférencier termine sa présentation par une citation inspirante. (The speaker ends his presentation with an inspiring quote.)

finish, end (transitive verb: period) ●

• L’école termine l’année scolaire avec une fête. (The school ends the school year with a party.)

conclude (transitive verb) ●

• Une conclusion forte termine l’essai de manière efficace. (A strong conclusion concludes the essay effectively.)

finish, end, conclude, close, terminate (reflexive verb) ●

• La négociation se termine par un accord satisfaisant. (The negotiation concludes with a satisfactory agreement.)

end (reflexive verb) ●

• Le chemin se termine abruptement au bord de la falaise. (The path ends abruptly at the edge of the cliff.)

finish [sth] off, drain, polish [sth] off (transitive verb) ●

• Il a terminé son verre d’un trait. (He drained his glass in one gulp.)

base [baz]

base (noun [f]) ●

• La base de la statue est faite de granit solide. (The base of the statue is made of solid granite.)

be based on/upon [sth], rest on [sth], depend on [sth], derive from [sth] (reflexive verb) ●

• Cette histoire se base sur des faits réels. (This story is based on real events.)

base (transitive verb) ●

• L’enquêteur base ses conclusions sur des preuves solides. (The investigator bases his conclusions on solid evidence.)

based (adjective) ●

• L’entreprise basée à Lyon exporte dans toute l’Europe. (The company based in Lyon exports throughout Europe.)

base (noun [f]: military) ●

• La base militaire est située près de la côte. (The military base is located near the coast.)

base (transitive verb: locate) ●

• Le groupe a basé ses opérations en Asie. (The group based its operations in Asia.)

espérer [ɛspeʀe]

hope, hope that (transitive verb) ●

• J’espère que le temps sera beau pour le pique-nique. (I hope that the weather will be nice for the picnic.)

hope to do [sth] (verb phrase) ●

• Nous espérons partir en vacances au mois d’août. (We hope to go on vacation in August.)

hope for [sth] (transitive verb) ●

• Les agriculteurs espèrent une bonne récolte cette année. (The farmers hope for a good harvest this year.)

hope (intransitive verb) ●

• Malgré les mauvaises nouvelles, elle continue d’espérer. (Despite the bad news, she continues to hope.)

main [mɛ̃]

hand (noun [f]: anatomy) ●

• Il s’est blessé à la main en jardinant. (He injured his hand while gardening.)

by hand, manually (adverb) ●

• Ces artisans fabriquent les objets à la main. (These craftsmen make the objects by hand.)

hand (noun [f]: playing cards) ●

• J’ai une bonne main au poker cette fois. (I have a good hand in poker this time.)

turn, go (noun [f]: cards) ●

• C’est à toi de jouer, c’est ta main. (It’s your turn to play, it’s your go.)

handball (noun [f]: sports fault) ●

• L’arbitre a sifflé une main dans la surface de réparation. (The referee called a handball in the penalty area.)

gros [ɡʀo]

large, big (adjective) ●

• La maison a un gros jardin à l’arrière. (The house has a large garden at the back.)

fat, large, big (adjective) ●

• Il porte un gros pull en laine pour l’hiver. (He wears a big wool sweater for winter.)

large, substantial, big, fat (adjective: amount) ●

• Elle a gagné un gros lot à la loterie. (She won a substantial amount in the lottery.)

great, great big, big fat (adjective) ●

• Un gros orage a éclaté soudainement. (A great big storm broke out suddenly.)

a lot, a great deal, a good deal (adverb) ●

• Il mange gros tous les jours. (He eats a lot every day.)

fatty, fatso (noun [m/f]: pejorative) ●

• Les enfants se moquaient du gros dans la classe. (The children mocked the fatty in the class.)

arrêter [aʀete]

stop, halt (transitive verb: suspend an activity) ●

• Ils ont arrêté les travaux pendant l’orage. (They halted the work during the storm.)

stop doing [sth] (verb phrase: cease an activity) ●

• J’ai arrêté de boire du soda cette année. (I stopped drinking soda this year.)

stop (transitive verb: bring something to a halt) ●

• J’ai arrêté la machine avant qu’elle ne surchauffe. (I stopped the machine before it overheated.)

stop (reflexive verb: pause mid-action) ●

• Il s’est arrêté au milieu de sa lecture. (He stopped halfway through his reading.)

stop doing [sth] (reflexive verb: quit an activity or habit) ●

• Je me suis arrêté de fumer au printemps. (I stopped smoking in the spring.)

stop (intransitive verb: make a stop somewhere) ●

• On s’est arrêté à une station-service pour faire le plein. (We stopped at a service station to fill up.)

switch [sth] off, turn [sth] off (transitive verb: power down a device) ●

• J’arrête la télévision et je vais dormir. (I turn the TV off and I’m going to sleep.)

arrest (transitive verb: detain by police) ●

• La police a arrêté le voleur près de la gare. (The police arrested the thief near the station.)

stop, prevent (transitive verb: keep someone from continuing) ●

• Même la fatigue ne l’arrêtera pas. (Not even fatigue will stop him.)

interrupt (transitive verb: break off something briefly) ●

• Le vacarme a arrêté la discussion pendant quelques secondes. (The noise interrupted the discussion for a few seconds.)

end (reflexive verb: come to an end) ●

• Le festival s’arrête dimanche soir. (The festival ends on Sunday evening.)

cease doing [sth] (verb phrase: formal instruction to stop) ●

• Veuillez arrêter de parler pendant l’examen. (Please cease speaking during the exam.)

pull [sth/sb] over (transitive verb: stop a vehicle/driver) ●

• La police a arrêté le conducteur sur l’autoroute. (The police pulled the driver over on the motorway.)

never stop doing [sth] (verb phrase: do something continually) ●

• Il n’arrête pas de poser des questions. (He never stops asking questions.)

be always doing [sth] (verb phrase: do repeatedly and annoyingly) ●

• Elle n’arrête pas de changer d’avis. (She is always changing her mind.)

quit doing [sth] (verb phrase: informal stop) ●

• Elle s’est arrêtée de se plaindre tout le temps. (She quit complaining all the time.)

stay (reflexive verb: stay somewhere during travel) ●

• Nous nous sommes arrêtés deux nuits à Bordeaux. (We stayed in Bordeaux for two nights.)

break off (intransitive verb: stop abruptly) ●

• Elle s’est arrêtée brusquement quand le téléphone a sonné. (She broke off abruptly when the phone rang.)

save, block (transitive verb: prevent a goal in sport) ●

• Le gardien a arrêté le penalty à la 90e minute. (The goalkeeper saved the penalty in the 90th minute.)

dwell on [sth], dwell upon [sth] (reflexive verb: focus too long on a point) ●

• Ne t’arrête pas sur ce détail, regarde l’ensemble. (Don’t dwell on that detail; look at the whole picture.)

put on sick leave (verb phrase: medically sign someone off work) ●

• Son médecin l’a arrêté pour une semaine après l’opération. (His doctor put him on sick leave for a week after the operation.)

sign off (transitive verb: certify time off work) ●

• Mon généraliste m’a arrêté trois jours pour la grippe. (My GP signed me off for three days with the flu.)

waylay (transitive verb: stop someone unexpectedly) ●

• Un journaliste l’a arrêté à la sortie pour une interview. (A journalist waylaid him on the way out for an interview.)

stand in [sb]’s way (verb phrase: obstruct someone’s progress) ●

• Personne ne pourra se mettre en travers de son chemin et l’arrêter. (No one will be able to stand in his way and stop him.)

cut [sb] off (transitive verb: interrupt someone mid-sentence) ●

• Il m’a arrêté avant la fin de ma phrase. (He cut me off before I finished my sentence.)

hold [sb] back (transitive verb: restrain someone) ●

• Ses collègues ont essayé de l’arrêter, mais il est parti quand même. (His colleagues tried to hold him back, but he left anyway.)

stop (transitive verb: interrupt someone mid-argument) ●

• Je t’arrête : je ne suis pas d’accord avec ce point. (Let me stop you there: I don’t agree with that point.)

always do [sth] (verb phrase: do habitually) ●

• Tu n’arrêtes pas de vérifier ton téléphone en réunion. (You always check your phone in meetings.)

keep doing [sth] (verb phrase: continue doing repeatedly) ●

• Il n’arrêtait pas de rire malgré la situation. (He kept laughing despite the situation.)

stop (transitive verb: stop a person briefly to ask something) ●

• J’ai arrêté un passant pour demander l’heure. (I stopped a passerby to ask the time.)

apprehend (transitive verb: seize a suspect) ●

• Les agents ont arrêté le suspect en quelques minutes. (The officers apprehended the suspect within minutes.)

take into custody (verb phrase: formally detain) ●

• Ils l’ont arrêté et l’ont placé en garde à vue. (They took him into custody.)

come to an end (verb phrase: finish) ●

• La discussion s’est arrêtée sans conclusion. (The discussion came to an end without a conclusion.)

spend (intransitive verb: spend time somewhere) ●

• On s’est arrêtés une semaine chez des amis. (We spent a week at friends’ place.)

give up doing [sth] (verb phrase: abandon a habit) ●

• Il s’est arrêté de grignoter le soir. (He gave up snacking in the evenings.)

cease doing [sth] (verb phrase: formal stop) ●

• Le témoin s’est arrêté de parler dès l’arrivée du juge. (The witness ceased speaking as soon as the judge arrived.)

give up (reflexive verb: abandon an effort) ●

• Je voulais m’arrêter, mais j’ai continué jusqu’au bout. (I wanted to give up, but I carried on to the end.)

quit (intransitive verb: informal abandon an effort) ●

• Après tout ce travail, je n’allais pas m’arrêter. (After all that work, I wasn’t going to quit.)

linger over [sth] (transitive verb: spend too long on details) ●

• Il s’est arrêté trop longtemps sur les chiffres du rapport. (He lingered too long over the figures in the report.)

settle on [sth], settle upon [sth] (reflexive verb: decide on an option) ●

• Après comparaison, nous nous sommes arrêtés sur la deuxième proposition. (After comparing, we settled on the second proposal.)

retour [ʀ(ə)tuʀ]

return, (UK) journey home, trip back (noun [m]: act of going back home) ●

• Après le concert, le retour a été plus long que prévu. (After the concert, the trip back took longer than expected.)

return, get back (noun [m]: being back somewhere) ●

• Son retour au bureau a changé l’ambiance de l’équipe. (His return to the office changed the team’s mood.)

round trip, (UK) return trip, (UK) return (noun [m]: travel in the opposite direction) ●

• J’ai réservé mon billet de retour pour vendredi matin. (I booked my return ticket for Friday morning.)

return (noun [m]: going back to a previous state) ●

• Après l’incident, le retour au calme a pris une heure. (After the incident, the return to calm took an hour.)

(informal) comeback, revival (noun [m]: return to fashion or popularity) ●

• Cette saison, on voit le retour des vestes en jean partout. (This season, we’re seeing a comeback of denim jackets everywhere.)

return, recurrence, be back (noun [m]: reappearance of something) ●

• Chaque printemps, on redoute le retour des moustiques. (Every spring, we dread the return of mosquitoes.)

return, return (noun [m]: sending goods back to the sender) ●

• Nous avons fait un retour du colis parce qu’il était endommagé. (We returned the parcel because it was damaged.)

prêt [pʀɛ, pʀɛt]

ready (adjective: prepared to leave) ●

• Je suis prêt, on peut partir tout de suite. (I’m ready; we can leave right away.)

ready, (luggage) packed (adjective: prepared and arranged) ●

• Tout est prêt pour la réunion de demain. (Everything is ready for tomorrow’s meeting.)

ready to do [sth], (fruit or figurative) ripe for [sth], (person) willing (adjective: in a state of being able or willing) ●

• Je suis prêt à faire un effort pour finir ce projet. (I’m ready to make an effort to finish this project.)

ready to do [sth], prepared to do [sth], ready for [sth], prepared for [sth] (adjective: disposed and prepared) ●

• L’équipe est prête à tout pour gagner ce match. (The team is prepared to do anything to win this match.)

(finance) loan (noun [m]: sum of money borrowed) ●

• Ils ont contracté un prêt immobilier sur vingt-cinq ans. (They took out a home loan over twenty-five years.)

ready, (food) cooked (adjective: finished and available) ●

• Le dîner ne sera pas prêt avant vingt heures. (Dinner won’t be ready before eight o’clock.)

(finance) credit (noun [m]: money provided by a lender) ●

• Nous comparons les offres de prêt avant de signer. (We compare credit offers before signing.)

loan (noun [m]: temporary lending of an item) ●

• Je te donne ce dictionnaire en prêt jusqu’à lundi. (I’m lending you this dictionary until Monday.)

occasion [ɔkazjɔ̃]

chance, opportunity (noun [f]: favorable context) ●

• C’est une occasion rare de rencontrer toute l’équipe au complet. (It’s a rare opportunity to meet the whole team at once.)

chance, opportunity, occasion (noun [f]: possibility to do something) ●

• Je n’ai pas eu l’occasion de lui parler après la réunion. (I didn’t have the chance to speak to him after the meeting.)

second-hand, used; second-hand + [noun], used + [noun] (noun [f]: used item for sale) ●

• J’ai acheté une occasion en très bon état pour moins cher. (I bought a second-hand item in very good condition for less.)

second-hand market, second-hand business (noun [f]: trade in used goods) ●

• L’occasion se porte bien quand le budget des ménages baisse. (The second-hand market does well when household budgets shrink.)

écouter [ekute]

listen to (transitive verb) ●

• J’écoute attentivement le professeur pendant le cours. (I listen attentively to the teacher during class.)

listen; listen to (intransitive verb) ●

• Écoute bien ce que je vais te dire, c’est important. (Listen carefully to what I’m going to tell you; it’s important.)

listen to (transitive verb: follow advice) ●

• Les enfants écoutent rarement les conseils de leurs parents. (Children rarely listen to their parents’ advice.)

terre [tɛʀ]

earth; planet Earth; world, globe (noun [f]: the planet) ●

• La Terre tourne autour du Soleil en un an. (The Earth revolves around the Sun in one year.)

soil, ground, earth (noun [f]) ●

• Les agriculteurs enrichissent la terre avec du compost. (Farmers enrich the soil with compost.)

land, dry land (noun [f]: emerged land) ●

• Après des jours en mer, les marins ont enfin vu la terre. (After days at sea, the sailors finally saw land.)

land, zone, area (noun [f]: geographical zone) ●

• Cette terre aride est difficile à cultiver. (This arid land is difficult to cultivate.)

grounds; land; estate (noun [f]: property terrain) ●

• Les terres du château s’étendent sur des hectares. (The grounds of the castle extend over hectares.)

earth, ground (noun [f]: electricity) ●

• Assure-toi que la prise est bien reliée à la terre. (Make sure the socket is properly grounded.)

earth (noun [f]: this world, not heaven) ●

• Sur cette terre, nous devons tous travailler pour vivre. (On this earth, we all have to work to live.)

valoir [valwaʀ]

cost; be worth (intransitive verb) ●

• Ce tableau vaut une fortune aujourd’hui. (This painting is worth a fortune today.)

be worth; deserve, merit (intransitive verb) ●

• Ce film vaut vraiment le détour. (This movie is really worth seeing.)

be worth; be valued at (intransitive verb: familiar, monetary value) ●

• Ma collection de timbres vaut au moins dix mille euros. (My stamp collection is worth at least ten thousand euros.)

cause, bring (transitive verb: be responsible for something) ●

• Son courage lui a valu une médaille. (His courage earned him a medal.)

be worth, be as good as (transitive verb: equivalent) ●

• Un bon ouvrier vaut deux apprentis. (One good worker is worth two apprentices.)

go; apply (intransitive verb: be valid) ●

• Cette règle vaut pour tout le monde sans exception. (This rule applies to everyone without exception.)

dollar [dɔlaʀ]

dollar, $ (noun [m]: sum) ●

• Ce livre coûte vingt dollars aux États-Unis. (This book costs twenty dollars in the United States.)

the dollar (noun [m]: US currency) ●

• Beaucoup de touristes échangent leurs euros contre des dollars. (Many tourists exchange their euros for dollars.)

the dollar (noun [m]: currency of US, Canada, etc.) ●

• Le dollar canadien est différent du dollar américain. (The Canadian dollar is different from the US dollar.)

intérieur [ɛ̃teʀjœʀ]

inside, interior (noun [m]: enclosed part) ●

• L’intérieur de la maison est spacieux et lumineux. (The inside of the house is spacious and bright.)

interior, interior space; home (noun [m]: living environment) ●

• Elle adore décorer l’intérieur avec des plantes. (She loves decorating the interior with plants.)

indoor; inside; internal (adjective: in a building) ●

• Nous organisons une piscine intérieure pour l’hiver. (We have an indoor pool for the winter.)

internal, inside; inner; within (adjective: internal) ●

• Les organes intérieurs doivent être examinés régulièrement. (Internal organs should be checked regularly.)

domestic (adjective: national territory) ●

• La politique intérieure concerne les affaires du pays. (Domestic policy concerns the country’s internal affairs.)

page [paʒ]

page; sheet, leaf (noun [f]: sheet recto or verso) ●

• Tourne la page pour continuer la lecture. (Turn the page to continue reading.)

page, chapter, episode, period (noun [f]: episode) ●

• Cette défaite marque une page sombre de l’histoire. (This defeat marks a dark page in history.)

pager; beeper (noun [m]: device) ●

• Avant les téléphones portables, les médecins utilisaient un pager. (Before cell phones, doctors used a pager.)

page, squire (noun [m]: young noble) ●

• Le jeune page servait fidèlement le chevalier. (The young page faithfully served the knight.)

bed; sack (noun [m]: familiar for bed) ●

• Il est temps d’aller au pageot après une longue journée. (It’s time to hit the sack after a long day.)

sea bream; pandora bream, pandora (noun [m]: fish) ●

• Le pageot est un poisson apprécié en Méditerranée. (The pandora bream is a fish appreciated in the Mediterranean.)

confiance [kɔ̃fjɑ̃s]

trust; confidence (noun [f]: believing in someone) ●

• La confiance entre amis est essentielle. (Trust between friends is essential.)

confidence; trust; faith; belief (noun [f]: feeling of assurance) ●

• Elle parle avec une grande confiance en public. (She speaks with great confidence in public.)

confidence; assurance (noun [f]: serenity) ●

• Il aborde les défis avec une confiance tranquille. (He approaches challenges with quiet confidence.)

choix [ʃwa]

choice; decision; selection (noun [m]: selection) ●

• Le choix du restaurant dépend de tes préférences. (The choice of restaurant depends on your preferences.)

choice; pick; option; alternative (noun [m]: freedom of selection) ●

• Tu as le choix entre plusieurs couleurs. (You have a choice between several colors.)

choice; selection; range (noun [m]: set of things) ●

• Le supermarché propose un large choix de produits. (The supermarket offers a wide choice of products.)

selection (noun [m]: sorting) ●

• Le choix des candidats se fait sur dossier. (The selection of candidates is done based on applications.)

prévoir [pʀevwaʀ]

think up, plan, organize, organise (transitive verb) ●

• Nous devons prévoir toutes les étapes du projet. (We need to plan all the steps of the project.)

anticipate doing, envisage doing, expect you will do, think you will do, will probably do, will in all likelihood do, be prepared to do (verb phrase) ●

• Je prévois de partir en vacances en juillet. (I anticipate going on vacation in July.)

forecast, predict (transitive verb) ●

• Les météorologues prévoient de la pluie pour demain. (Meteorologists are forecasting rain for tomorrow.)

make sure you have, not forget, not forget to take (transitive verb) ●

• Prévois un parapluie au cas où il pleuvrait. (Make sure you have an umbrella in case it rains.)

provide for, foresee (transitive verb) ●

• La loi prévoit des sanctions pour ces infractions. (The law provides for penalties for these offenses.)

chance [ʃɑ̃s]

luck, good luck (noun [f]: favorable fate) ●

• Par chance, le train n’était pas encore parti. (By luck, the train hadn’t left yet.)

chance, probability, likelihood (noun [f]: probability) ●

• Il y a peu de chances qu’il accepte l’offre. (There is little chance that he will accept the offer.)

notamment [nɔtamɑ̃]

especially, particularly, in particular, notably (adverb: deserving note) ●

• Ce quartier est calme, notamment la nuit. (This neighborhood is quiet, especially at night.)

including, such as, for example, for instance (adverb: among others) ●

• Plusieurs pays européens, notamment la France et l’Allemagne, soutiennent ce projet. (Several European countries, including France and Germany, support this project.)

type [tip]

kind, sort, type, variety (noun [m]: sort) ●

• Quel type de musique préfères-tu ? (What kind of music do you prefer?)

guy, bloke (noun [m]: informal man) ●

• Ce type au bar m’a offert un verre. (This guy at the bar bought me a drink.)

typical, classic (adjective: typical) ●

• C’est un comportement type des adolescents. (This is typical behavior for teenagers.)

look, type (noun [m]: characteristics) ●

• Il a le type méditerranéen avec ses cheveux noirs. (He has the Mediterranean look with his black hair.)

epitome, model, perfect example (noun [m]: model) ●

• C’est le type même du gentleman. (He is the epitome of a gentleman.)

but [by(t)]

aim, goal, objective, purpose (noun [m]: objective) ●

• Le but de cette réunion est de discuter les problèmes. (The aim of this meeting is to discuss the issues.)

aim, goal, purpose, intention (noun [m]: intention) ●

• Son but est de devenir médecin. (His goal is to become a doctor.)

goal (noun [m]: sports point) ●

• L’équipe a marqué un but décisif. (The team scored a decisive goal.)

goal, target (noun [m]: sports cage) ●

• Le gardien protège le but avec vigilance. (The goalkeeper protects the goal vigilantly.)

matin [matɛ̃]

morning (noun [m]: beginning of day) ●

• Je me lève tôt le matin pour faire du sport. (I get up early in the morning to exercise.)

morning, am, a.m., A.M., morn (adverb: in the morning) ●

• Le rendez-vous est fixé à demain matin. (The appointment is set for tomorrow morning.)

in the morning, in the mornings, am, a.m., A.M. (adverbial phrase: every morning) ●

• Le matin, je prends toujours un café. (In the morning, I always have a coffee.)

grave [gʀav]

serious (adjective: with unfortunate consequences) ●

• Une erreur grave peut entraîner des sanctions sévères. (A serious mistake can lead to severe penalties.)

serious, grave (adjective: life-threatening) ●

• Il a été hospitalisé pour une blessure grave. (He was hospitalized for a serious injury.)

grave, serious (adjective: dramatic situation) ●

• La situation économique est grave dans cette région. (The economic situation is grave in this region.)

serious (adjective: matter) ●

• C’est une question grave qui mérite réflexion. (This is a serious matter that deserves consideration.)

deep (adjective: low frequency sound) ●

• Sa voix grave résonne dans la salle. (His deep voice echoes in the room.)

grave (adjective: written accent) ●

• Le mot “où” porte un accent grave. (The word “où” has a grave accent.)

bass, bass line (noun [m]: music low frequency) ●

• La ligne de grave donne du rythme à la chanson. (The bass line gives rhythm to the song.)

prise [pʀiz]

socket, plug socket; power point; outlet; plug (noun [f]: electrical connection device) ●

• Branche la lampe dans la prise murale. (Plug the lamp into the wall socket.)

taking; seizing, seizure; storming (noun [f]: act of capturing something) ●

• La prise de la ville a duré plusieurs jours. (The seizing of the city lasted several days.)

dose (noun [f]: ingestion) ●

• Il prend une prise de médicament tous les matins. (He takes a dose of medication every morning.)

sample (noun [f]: sampling) ●

• La prise de sang a révélé des anomalies. (The blood sample revealed abnormalities.)

plug (noun [f]: electricity male) ●

• La prise de l’appareil est endommagée. (The plug of the device is damaged.)

européen [øʀɔpeɛ̃]

European (adjective) ●

• Le Parlement européen siège à Strasbourg. (The European Parliament sits in Strasbourg.)

European (noun [m/f]) ●

• Les Européens voyagent librement dans l’Union. (Europeans travel freely within the Union.)

étude [etyd]

learning; studying; studies (noun [f]: often plural) ●

• Les études demandent beaucoup de concentration. (Studies require a lot of concentration.)

study (noun [f]: research work) ●

• Son étude sur le climat a été publiée. (His study on climate has been published.)

study (noun [f]: examination, analysis) ●

• Une étude approfondie est nécessaire avant de décider. (An in-depth study is necessary before deciding.)

study (noun [f]: observation) ●

• L’étude des étoiles fascine les astronomes. (The study of stars fascinates astronomers.)

office (noun [f]: notary or bailiff office) ●

• L’étude du notaire est ouverte le samedi matin. (The notary’s office is open on Saturday morning.)

principe [pʀɛ̃sip]

principle (noun [m]: rule of life) ●

• Il agit toujours selon ses principes. (He always acts according to his principles.)

principle, assumption, hypothesis (noun [m]: basic hypothesis) ●

• En principe, cette théorie est acceptée par tous. (In principle, this theory is accepted by everyone.)

principle; aim (noun [m]: way of functioning) ●

• Le principe de ce moteur est simple. (The principle of this engine is simple.)

principle (noun [m]: fundamental proposition) ●

• Les principes de la démocratie sont universels. (The principles of democracy are universal.)

principles (noun [m] pl: moral rules) ●

• Elle n’a pas renoncé à ses principes. (She has not renounced her principles.)

remplacer [ʀɑ̃plase]

replace, substitute; replace with, substitute for (transitive verb) ●

• J’ai remplacé le sucre par du miel dans la recette. (I replaced sugar with honey in the recipe.)

replace; stand in for (transitive verb: take someone’s place) ●

• Qui va remplacer le professeur absent aujourd’hui ? (Who will replace the absent teacher today?)

replace (transitive verb: come in place of) ●

• Les voitures électriques remplaceront les essence. (Electric cars will replace gasoline ones.)

replace; stand in for (transitive verb: temporary functions) ●

• Pendant les vacances, un intérimaire me remplace. (During the holidays, a temp stands in for me.)

come after; succeed; follow (transitive verb: succeed someone) ●

• La nouvelle directrice remplacera l’ancienne en septembre. (The new director will succeed the old one in September.)

avancer [avɑ̃se]

move forward, move forwards (intransitive verb) ●

• La file de voitures commence enfin à avancer. (The line of cars is finally starting to move forward.)

progress (intransitive verb) ●

• Les travaux avancent rapidement grâce au beau temps. (The work is progressing quickly thanks to the good weather.)

move [sth] forward (transitive verb) ●

• Avance le siège pour mieux voir la scène. (Move the seat forward to see the stage better.)

make progress (reflexive verb) ●

• Dans ses études, elle s’avance bien cette année. (She is making good progress in her studies this year.)

move forward (reflexive verb) ●

• Les manifestants s’avancent vers la place centrale. (The demonstrators are moving forward toward the central square.)

be fast (intransitive verb) ●

• Attention, ma pendule avance de cinq minutes. (Be careful, my clock is five minutes fast.)

bring [sth] forward (transitive verb) ●

• La réunion a été avancée à vendredi. (The meeting has been brought forward to Friday.)

suggest + [indicative], suggest that + [indicative] (transitive verb) ●

• Les experts avancent que le changement climatique s’accélère. (Experts suggest that climate change is accelerating.)

claim (transitive verb) ●

• Il avance des arguments solides pour défendre son projet. (He claims solid arguments to defend his project.)

stick [sth] out (transitive verb) ●

• Avance la langue pour que le médecin examine ta gorge. (Stick out your tongue so the doctor can examine your throat.)

get ahead of yourself (reflexive verb: figurative) ●

• En promettant une victoire facile, l’entraîneur s’avance trop. (By promising an easy victory, the coach is getting ahead of himself.)

six

six (adjective) ●

• Nous avons six chats à la maison. (We have six cats at home.)

six (adjective: number six) ●

• Prends le bus numéro six pour aller en ville. (Take bus number six to go downtown.)

six (noun [m]) ●

• Écris le six avant le sept. (Write the six before the seven.)

nécessaire [nesesɛʀ]

necessary, required (adjective) ●

• Un passeport est nécessaire pour voyager à l’étranger. (A passport is necessary to travel abroad.)

necessary, vital (adjective) ●

• Une bonne préparation est nécessaire pour réussir l’examen. (Good preparation is necessary to pass the exam.)

needed, necessary (adjective) ●

• Des réformes sont nécessaires pour améliorer le système. (Reforms are needed to improve the system.)

essentials, necessary things, necessities (noun [m]) ●

• Emporte seulement le nécessaire pour le week-end. (Take only the essentials for the weekend.)

sewing kit; manicure set; toiletry bag, washbag (noun [m]: container) ●

• Ma grand-mère range ses aiguilles dans un nécessaire à couture. (My grandmother keeps her needles in a sewing kit.)

activité [aktivite]

activity (noun [f]: type of action) ●

• Les enfants participent à diverses activités sportives. (The children participate in various sports activities.)

activity; hustle and bustle (noun [f]) ●

• Dans cette rue commerçante, il y a toujours beaucoup d’activité. (In this shopping street, there is always a lot of hustle and bustle.)

occupation; job; work (noun [f]: profession) ●

• Quelle est votre activité professionnelle actuelle ? (What is your current occupation?)

valeur

value (noun [f]: monetary worth) ●

• La valeur de cette maison a doublé en dix ans. (The value of this house has doubled in ten years.)

worth, merit, value (noun [f]: esteem) ●

• Ce tableau a une grande valeur artistique. (This painting has great artistic merit.)

values, morals (noun [f] pl: societal criteria) ●

• Les valeurs familiales sont importantes pour elle. (Family values are important to her.)

validity; authority, basis (noun [f]) ●

• Cette loi n’a plus aucune valeur légale. (This law no longer has any legal validity.)

value, worth, usefulness (noun [f]: capacity) ●

• Ce vieil outil a encore une certaine valeur. (This old tool still has some usefulness.)

value, worth (noun [f]: conventional measure) ●

• La valeur nutritive de ce fruit est élevée. (The nutritional value of this fruit is high.)

[noun]’s worth; equivalent, equivalent amount (noun [f]: quantity equivalent) ●

• Donne-moi l’équivalent en euros de cette valeur en dollars. (Give me the equivalent in euros of this dollar amount.)

valour, valor; courage, bravery (noun [f]: military courage) ●

• Les soldats ont montré une grande valeur au combat. (The soldiers showed great valor in battle.)

allowance, seam allowance (noun [f]: sewing) ●

• Ajoute une valeur de couture de deux centimètres. (Add a seam allowance of two centimeters.)

marquer [maʀke]

mark; make a mark on (transitive verb) ●

• Le frottement a marqué la surface du meuble en bois. (The rubbing marked the surface of the wooden furniture.)

mark, note; write down, note down (transitive verb) ●

• Marque l’adresse de ce restaurant dans ton carnet. (Note down the address of this restaurant in your notebook.)

mark (transitive verb) ●

• Cette découverte a marqué un progrès scientifique majeur. (This discovery marked a major scientific advance.)

leave your mark on (transitive verb: figurative) ●

• Cet événement a marqué l’histoire de la ville. (This event left its mark on the city’s history.)

mark; affect; leave its mark on (transitive verb: figurative) ●

• La perte de son emploi l’a profondément marqué. (Losing his job deeply affected him.)

show, give (transitive verb) ●

• Le thermomètre marque vingt degrés aujourd’hui. (The thermometer shows twenty degrees today.)

label, stamp; sew a nametape on(to), sew a name into (transitive verb: child’s clothing) ●

• Les parents marquent les affaires scolaires des enfants avec leur nom. (Parents label the children’s school supplies with their name.)

brand (transitive verb: livestock) ●

• Les éleveurs marquent les moutons avec un fer chaud. (Breeders brand the sheep with a hot iron.)

entier [ɑ̃tje]

whole; whole (adjective: not in pieces) ●

• Il a mangé le gâteau entier en une seule fois. (He ate the whole cake in one go.)

entire, whole (adjective) ●

• J’ai consacré la journée entière à ce rapport. (I spent the entire day on this report.)

of integrity; uncompromising (adjective) ●

• C’est une personne au caractère entier qui ne transige pas. (He is a person of integrity who does not compromise.)

whole (noun [m]) ●

• Deux moitiés font un entier. (Two halves make a whole.)

integer, whole number (noun [m]: mathematics) ●

• Les nombres entiers incluent les négatifs et le zéro. (Integers include negative numbers and zero.)

réponse [ʀepɔ̃s]

answer, reply, response (noun [f]) ●

• Sa réponse à ma proposition a été positive. (His reply to my proposal was positive.)

answer, reply, response (noun [f]: letter) ●

• Je n’ai toujours pas reçu de réponse à mon email. (I still haven’t received a response to my email.)

answer, solution (noun [f]) ●

• Les scientifiques cherchent une réponse au problème climatique. (Scientists are looking for a solution to the climate problem.)

response, reply, answer (noun [f]: reaction) ●

• La réponse du public à ce film a été enthousiaste. (The public’s response to this film was enthusiastic.)

aide [ɛd]

help; assistance, aid (noun [f]) ●

• J’ai besoin d’une aide pour déplacer ce meuble lourd. (I need help to move this heavy piece of furniture.)

payment, allowance; aid, assistance, support, financial support; handout (noun [f]: financial) ●

• Cette aide sociale permet aux familles de payer le loyer. (This financial support allows families to pay the rent.)

assistant, helper; aide; help; someone to help, someone to assist (noun [m/f]) ●

• L’infirmière engage une aide pour les tâches quotidiennes. (The nurse hires an assistant for daily tasks.)

[noun] assistant; helper, help (noun [m/f]: assistant) ●

• Le ministre a nommé un nouvel aide de camp. (The minister appointed a new aide-de-camp.)

principal [pʀɛ̃sipal]

principal, main, major (adjective) ●

• La raison principale de son départ est le salaire. (The main reason for his departure is the salary.)

the main thing, the important thing; what matters, all that matters (noun [m]) ●

• Le principal est que tout le monde soit en sécurité. (The important thing is that everyone is safe.)

principal, head, headteacher; headmaster, headmistress (noun [m]) ●

• Le principal a convoqué les élèves en assemblée. (The principal called the students to assembly.)

élever [elve]

bring up; raise (transitive verb: children) ●

• Elle élève seule ses trois enfants. (She is raising her three children alone.)

lift; raise (transitive verb) ●

• Éleve ton verre pour porter un toast. (Raise your glass to make a toast.)

raise (transitive verb) ●

• Les inondations ont élevé le niveau de l’eau dans la cave. (The floods raised the water level in the basement.)

rise (reflexive verb) ●

• La montgolfière s’élève doucement dans les airs. (The hot air balloon rises gently into the sky.)

breed, raise; farm (transitive verb: animals) ●

• Cet agriculteur élève des poules bio. (This farmer raises organic chickens.)

raise, erect, build, construct; put [sth] up (transitive verb: wall) ●

• Les ouvriers élèvent une clôture autour du chantier. (The workers are putting up a fence around the site.)

raise; erect (transitive verb) ●

• Ils ont élevé un monument en hommage aux victimes. (They erected a monument in homage to the victims.)

erect; build (transitive verb) ●

• La commune élève une nouvelle école primaire. (The town is building a new primary school.)

rise; increase; go up (reflexive verb) ●

• Les prix du pétrole s’élèvent chaque année. (Oil prices rise every year.)

rise (reflexive verb: hierarchy) ●

• Grâce à ses efforts, elle s’est élevée au poste de directrice. (Thanks to her efforts, she rose to the position of director.)

be raised (reflexive verb: voice) ●

• Des protestations se sont élevées contre la nouvelle loi. (Protests were raised against the new law.)

rise; be [x] tall, be [x] high (reflexive verb: height) ●

• Ce bâtiment s’élève à cinquante étages. (This building rises to fifty floors.)

come to [sth]; amount to [sth] (reflexive verb: sum) ●

• Les dégâts s’élèvent à plusieurs milliers d’euros. (The damage amounts to several thousand euros.)

pourtant [puʁ.tɑ̃]

yet (adverb) ●

• Il pleuvait pourtant hier, mais aujourd’hui il fait beau. (It was raining yet yesterday, but today the weather is nice.)

however (conjunction) ●

• Je voulais venir, pourtant j’ai été retenu au travail. (I wanted to come, however I was held up at work.)

commission kɔ.mi.sjɔ̃

commission; committee (noun [f]: group) ●

• La commission européenne examine le nouveau projet de loi. (The European commission is examining the new bill.)

shopping (noun [f]: errands) ●

• Ma mère m’a demandé de faire les commissions ce matin. (My mother asked me to do the shopping this morning.)

commission; percentage (noun [f]: sales percentage) ●

• Les agents immobiliers touchent une commission sur chaque vente. (Real estate agents receive a commission on each sale.)

message (noun [f]: errand message) ●

• Peux-tu transmettre cette commission à ton frère ? (Can you pass this message to your brother?)

commission (noun [f]: formal committing of something) ●

• La commission d’un crime grave est punie sévèrement. (The commission of a serious crime is severely punished.)

cesser [se.se]

stop; cease (intransitive verb) ●

• Le bruit a enfin cessé après minuit. (The noise finally stopped after midnight.)

stop; cease; quit (transitive verb: stop doing something) ●

• Il a décidé de cesser de fumer pour sa santé. (He decided to stop smoking for his health.)

do something all the time, be always doing something, be forever doing something; keep doing something; never stop doing something; do something continually (verb phrase: not stop doing something) ●

• Elle ne cesse de parler pendant les films. (She never stops talking during movies.)

poursuivre [puʀ.sɥivʀ]

go on with, carry on with; continue (transitive verb: continue speaking) ●

• Poursuivez votre explication, c’est très intéressant. (Go on with your explanation, it’s very interesting.)

continue; keep up (transitive verb: continue doing) ●

• Il poursuit ses études malgré les difficultés. (He continues his studies despite the difficulties.)

go on; continue (reflexive verb: continue without interruption) ●

• Les négociations se poursuivent depuis des mois. (The negotiations have been going on for months.)

pursue, chase, hunt (transitive verb: chase physically) ●

• La police poursuit le voleur à travers les rues. (The police are pursuing the thief through the streets.)

pursue; follow, chase (transitive verb: aim to achieve a goal) ●

• Elle poursuit une carrière dans la médecine depuis son enfance. (She has been pursuing a career in medicine since childhood.)

pursue, hound, harry (transitive verb: persistently target) ●

• Les journalistes poursuivent le politicien de questions. (The journalists hound the politician with questions.)

haunt (transitive verb: obsess someone) ●

• Cette idée le poursuit jour et nuit. (This idea haunts him day and night.)

maintenir [mɛ̃t(ə)niʀ]

keep, hold (transitive verb: hold fixed) ●

• Maintiens la porte ouverte pendant que je passe. (Keep the door open while I pass.)

keep, maintain (transitive verb: preserve) ●

• Nous devons maintenir la paix dans la région. (We must maintain peace in the region.)

keep; hold (transitive verb: keep a position) ●

• Les soldats maintiennent leurs positions malgré l’attaque. (The soldiers are holding their positions despite the attack.)

hold; hold down (transitive verb: immobilize) ●

• Il a maintenu l’homme au sol jusqu’à l’arrivée de la police. (He held the man down on the ground until the police arrived.)

maintain; insist (transitive verb: affirm that) ●

• Elle maintient que c’est la vérité. (She maintains that it’s the truth.)

stick to; maintain, persist in (transitive verb: affirm still) ●

• Il maintient sa version des faits. (He sticks to his version of the events.)

stay; stay good, remain fair; hold (reflexive verb: remain in same state) ●

• Le beau temps se maintient cette semaine. (The good weather is holding this week.)

hold up; be stable, remain stable (reflexive verb: health or currency stable) ●

• La valeur de l’euro se maintient face au dollar. (The euro is holding up against the dollar.)

go ahead with; still be on (transitive verb: not cancel) ●

• Le concert est maintenu malgré la pluie. (The concert is still on despite the rain.)

keep going; keep on, persist (reflexive verb: not give up politically) ●

• Le parti se maintient au pouvoir depuis dix ans. (The party has been keeping on in power for ten years.)

époque [epɔk]

time, age, era, epoch (noun [f]: historical period) ●

• À cette époque, les voitures étaient rares. (In that era, cars were rare.)

time, period, age; days (noun [f]: period in life) ●

• À l’époque de mon adolescence, j’adorais le rock. (In the days of my adolescence, I loved rock.)

time, day and age; times (noun [f]: contemporary period) ●

• De nos jours, à notre époque, tout va très vite. (In our day and age, everything goes very fast.)

period, time; age, epoch (noun [f]: contemporaries) ●

• Il a marqué son époque par ses inventions. (He marked his time with his inventions.)

period (noun [f]: typical of a style) ●

• Cette maison est typique de l’époque victorienne. (This house is typical of the Victorian period.)

exprimer [ɛk.spʀi.me]

express (transitive verb: make known) ●

• Elle a exprimé son opinion lors de la réunion. (She expressed her opinion during the meeting.)

express yourself (reflexive verb: make thoughts known) ●

• Les enfants doivent apprendre à s’exprimer clairement. (Children should learn to express themselves clearly.)

express yourself (reflexive verb: make oneself understood) ●

• Il s’exprime bien en public. (He expresses himself well in public.)

express; show, reveal (transitive verb: manifest) ●

• Il exprime sa joie par un grand sourire. (He expresses his joy with a big smile.)

express; reveal, show (transitive verb: translate) ●

• Ce tableau exprime parfaitement l’angoisse de l’artiste. (This painting perfectly expresses the artist’s anguish.)

be expressed (reflexive verb: manifest itself) ●

• La colère s’exprime parfois par des cris. (Anger is sometimes expressed through shouts.)

ami [a.mi]

friend; pal; chum; buddy (noun [m/f]: close confidant) ●

• Mon meilleur ami m’a aidé à déménager hier. (My best friend helped me move yesterday.)

good friends; friendly; close (adjective: linked by friendship) ●

• Nous sommes restés amis après la rupture. (We remained good friends after the breakup.)

friendly (adjective: benevolent) ●

• Le voisin a un sourire ami envers tout le monde. (The neighbor has a friendly smile towards everyone.)

friend (noun [m/f]: something appreciated) ●

• Le chocolat est un ami fidèle pour les jours tristes. (Chocolate is a faithful friend on sad days.)

lover (noun [m/f]: person fond of something) ●

• Elle est une grande amie des animaux et volunteer à l’abri. (She is a great lover of animals and volunteers at the shelter.)

bas [bɑ]

low (adjective: not high) ●

• Le plafond est bas dans cette vieille maison. (The ceiling is low in this old house.)

bottom; foot; lower part (noun [m]: lower section of something) ●

• Le trésor est caché au bas de la montagne. (The treasure is hidden at the foot of the mountain.)

bottoms; pants (noun [m]: lower part of clothing) ●

• Ce pyjama a un bas confortable en coton. (This pajama has comfortable cotton bottoms.)

stocking (noun [m] pl: women’s hosiery) ●

• Elle porte des bas en nylon avec sa robe. (She wears nylon stockings with her dress.)

imposer [ɛ̃.po.ze]

impose; impose [sth] on [sb] (transitive verb: force obligation) ●

• Le gouvernement impose de nouvelles règles fiscales. (The government imposes new tax rules.)

impose, urge; insist upon; proclaim, disseminate, promulgate (transitive verb: make known forcefully) ●

• Il impose ses idées lors de chaque débat. (He urges his ideas in every debate.)

decree; necessitate, require; make it necessary to do [sth], make doing [sth] necessary; mean you have to do [sth] (verb phrase: entail an action) ●

• La situation impose de prendre des mesures rapides. (The situation necessitates taking quick measures.)

be essential, be necessary, be vital; be a must (reflexive verb: be required) ●

• La prudence s’impose dans ces conditions. (Caution is essential in these conditions.)

establish yourself; impose yourself (reflexive verb: assert authority) ●

• Le nouveau directeur s’impose par son charisme. (The new director establishes himself through his charisma.)

be assertive; be bold (reflexive verb: make oneself accepted forcefully) ●

• Dans ce métier, il faut s’imposer dès le début. (In this job, you have to be assertive from the start.)

tax (transitive verb: levy tax) ●

• L’État impose les revenus élevés à un taux plus fort. (The state taxes high incomes at a higher rate.)

win; prevail (reflexive verb: sports victory) ●

• L’équipe française s’impose face à ses rivaux. (The French team prevails against its rivals.)

become [sth] (reflexive verb: establish as) ●

• Cette marque s’impose comme leader du marché. (This brand becomes the market leader.)

impose; impose on [sb] (reflexive verb: force one’s way) ●

• Il ne faut pas s’imposer à ses hôtes trop longtemps. (One shouldn’t impose on one’s hosts for too long.)

moitié [mwa.tje]

half (noun [f]: one of two equal parts) ●

• J’ai mangé la moitié de la pizza seul. (I ate half of the pizza by myself.)

half of [sth/sb]; half [sth/sb] (noun [f]: half portion) ●

• La moitié de l’équipe est absente aujourd’hui. (Half of the team is absent today.)

midway point, halfway point; halfway through, midway through (noun [f]: middle point) ●

• À la moitié du film, l’intrigue se complique. (Halfway through the movie, the plot thickens.)

midway through, halfway through; midway point, halfway point (noun [f]: mid-distance) ●

• Nous sommes à la moitié du chemin vers la sommet. (We are halfway through the path to the summit.)

other half, better half; partner (noun [f]: spouse or companion) ●

• Ma moitié et moi fêtons nos dix ans de mariage. (My better half and I are celebrating our ten years of marriage.)

avenir [av(ə)niʀ]

future (noun [m]: time to come) ●

• Personne ne peut prédire l’avenir avec certitude. (No one can predict the future with certainty.)

future; prospects (noun [m]: future situation) ●

• Ce jeune talent a un bel avenir dans le sport. (This young talent has bright prospects in sports.)

forthcoming; soon to be released; soon to be published (adverbial phrase: upcoming) ●

• Le rapport à venir sera publié la semaine prochaine. (The forthcoming report will be published next week.)

argent [aʁʒɑ̃]

money (noun [m]: metallic or paper currency) ●

• Je dois retirer de l’argent au distributeur avant de faire mes courses. (I need to withdraw money from the ATM before doing my shopping.)

silver (noun [m]: precious metal) ●

• Cette bague en argent appartenait à ma grand-mère. (This silver ring belonged to my grandmother.)

silver (adjective: of the color of silver) ●

• Elle a choisi une voiture de couleur argent pour son élégance. (She chose a silver-colored car for its elegance.)

mise [miz]

put something out, set something out, lay something out (noun [f]: realization or preparation of something) ●

• La mise en place du matériel prendra environ une heure. (Setting out the equipment will take about an hour.)

stake, bet (noun [f]: wager) ●

• Le joueur a doublé sa mise sur le numéro sept. (The player doubled his stake on number seven.)

appearance (noun [f]: way of being dressed) ●

• Les candidats doivent soigner leur mise pour l’entretien d’embauche. (Candidates must take care of their appearance for the job interview.)

œil [œj]

eye (noun [m]: organ of vision) ●

• Le médecin examine attentivement l’œil gauche de son patient. (The doctor carefully examines his patient’s left eye.)

eyes (noun [m]: gaze) ●

• Cette petite fille a l’œil pétillant quand elle raconte ses histoires. (This little girl has sparkling eyes when she tells her stories.)

eye, perspective, point of view (noun [m]: way of seeing things) ●

• Il faut examiner cette question sous un œil critique. (This question must be examined from a critical perspective.)

eau [o]

water (noun [f]: vital liquid) ●

• Il faut boire au moins deux litres d’eau par jour pour rester en bonne santé. (You need to drink at least two liters of water per day to stay healthy.)

water (noun [f]: liquid expanse) ●

• Les enfants jouent au bord de l’eau pendant que leurs parents se reposent. (The children play at the water’s edge while their parents rest.)

rain (noun [f]: precipitation) ●

• Il est tombé beaucoup d’eau cette nuit, les rues sont inondées. (A lot of rain fell last night; the streets are flooded.)

sea, ocean, lake (noun [f]: shores) ●

• Nous avons loué une maison au bord de l’eau pour les vacances d’été. (We rented a house by the sea for the summer holidays.)

sauf [sof]

except, bar, save (preposition: with the exception of) ●

• Tous les magasins sont ouverts le dimanche, sauf les banques. (All shops are open on Sundays, except banks.)

except, except that (conjunction phrase: excepting that) ●

• Le projet est prêt, sauf que nous attendons encore l’approbation finale. (The project is ready, except that we are still waiting for final approval.)

bar, save (preposition: unless) ●

• Je viendrai demain, sauf imprévu de dernière minute. (I will come tomorrow, bar any last-minute unforeseen circumstances.)

safe (adjective: alive) ●

• Les secouristes ont retrouvé les randonneurs sains et saufs après trois jours de recherches. (The rescue workers found the hikers safe and sound after three days of searching.)

safe (adjective: saved, intact) ●

• Après le naufrage, les marins ont perdu leur navire mais l’honneur est sauf. (After the shipwreck, the sailors lost their ship but their honor is safe.)

école [ekɔl]

school, primary school, elementary school (noun [f]: educational establishment for children) ●

• Mon fils commence l’école primaire en septembre prochain. (My son starts primary school next September.)

school, schooling, education (noun [f]: teaching given) ●

• L’école gratuite et obligatoire est un droit fondamental dans notre pays. (Free and compulsory schooling is a fundamental right in our country.)

school (noun [f]: teachers and students of a school) ●

• Toute l’école participera à la kermesse de fin d’année. (The whole school will participate in the end-of-year fair.)

school (noun [f]: group of disciples) ●

• L’école impressionniste a révolutionné la peinture au XIXe siècle. (The Impressionist school revolutionized painting in the nineteenth century.)

school of thought (noun [f]: way of considering things) ●

• En matière d’éducation des enfants, il existe plusieurs écoles de pensée. (When it comes to raising children, there are several schools of thought.)

sécurité [sekyʁite]

safety, security (noun [f]: absence of danger) ●

• La sécurité des passagers est la priorité absolue des compagnies aériennes. (Passenger safety is the absolute priority of airlines.)

security guards (noun [f]: security service) ●

• La sécurité patrouille régulièrement dans le centre commercial. (The security guards patrol regularly in the shopping center.)

safety feature (noun [f]: preventive device) ●

• Cette machine est équipée d’une sécurité qui l’arrête automatiquement en cas de dysfonctionnement. (This machine is equipped with a safety feature that stops it automatically in case of malfunction.)

milieu [miljø]

middle, center (noun [m]: central part or point) ●

• Il y a une petite tache au milieu de la nappe blanche. (There is a small stain in the middle of the white tablecloth.)

middle, center (noun [m]: halfway point) ●

• Nous nous sommes arrêtés au milieu du chemin pour nous reposer. (We stopped in the middle of the path to rest.)

environment, world, circle (noun [m]: social surroundings) ●

• Elle a grandi dans un milieu artistique très stimulant. (She grew up in a very stimulating artistic environment.)

background (noun [m]: social origins) ●

• Malgré son milieu modeste, il a réussi à devenir un grand avocat. (Despite his modest background, he managed to become a great lawyer.)

lettre [lɛtʀ]

letter (noun [f]: written message) ●

• J’ai reçu une lettre de mon amie qui habite au Canada. (I received a letter from my friend who lives in Canada.)

letter (noun [f]: character of the alphabet) ●

• L’enfant apprend à tracer chaque lettre avec beaucoup de soin. (The child is learning to draw each letter with a lot of care.)

presque [pʀɛsk]

almost, nearly (adverb: very nearly) ●

• Le gâteau est presque cuit, il reste seulement deux minutes. (The cake is almost baked; there are only two minutes left.)

attention [atɑ̃sjɔ̃]

attention (noun [f]: concentration or mental focus) ●

• Le professeur demande l’attention de tous les élèves avant de commencer. (The teacher asks for everyone’s attention before starting.)

look out!, watch out!, careful! (interjection: warning) ●

• Attention ! Il y a une marche glissante juste devant toi. (Watch out! There is a slippery step right in front of you.)

care, attention (noun [f]: precision or caution) ●

• Tu dois manipuler ces verres fragiles avec beaucoup d’attention. (You must handle these fragile glasses with a lot of care.)

kindness, thoughtfulness (noun [f]: thoughtful act) ●

• C’était une charmante attention de lui apporter des fleurs. (It was a lovely kindness to bring her flowers.)

cadre [kadʁ]

executive, manager (noun [m/f]: managerial employee) ●

• Après dix ans dans l’entreprise, elle est devenue cadre commercial. (After ten years with the company, she became a sales executive.)

frame (noun [m]: border surrounding picture or mirror) ●

• J’ai acheté un joli cadre doré pour mettre cette photo de famille. (I bought a pretty gold frame to put this family photo in.)

setting, surroundings, environment (noun [m]: context, environment) ●

• Ce château offre un cadre magnifique pour célébrer un mariage. (This castle offers a magnificent setting for celebrating a wedding.)

framework, scope (noun [m]: limits, boundaries) ●

• Cette décision a été prise dans le cadre de la nouvelle réglementation européenne. (This decision was made within the framework of the new European regulations.)

box, space (noun [m]: box on form) ●

• Veuillez inscrire votre nom dans le cadre prévu à cet effet. (Please write your name in the box provided for this purpose.)

frame (noun [m]: bicycle frame) ●

• Le cadre de ce vélo est en aluminium léger et résistant. (The frame of this bike is made of lightweight, durable aluminum.)

cadre [kadʁ]

executive (noun [m/f]: non-subordinate employee) ●

• Les cadres de l’entreprise participent à la réunion stratégique mensuelle. (The company executives participate in the monthly strategic meeting.)

frame (noun [m]: rigid border) ●

• Elle a acheté un cadre doré pour encadrer le diplôme de son fils. (She bought a golden frame to frame her son’s diploma.)

middle manager (noun [m/f]: public sector personnel) ●

• Ma sœur est cadre dans l’administration municipale depuis dix ans. (My sister has been a middle manager in the municipal administration for ten years.)

surroundings, setting (noun [m]: environment or context) ●

• La conférence se déroule dans un cadre historique exceptionnel. (The conference is taking place in an exceptional historic setting.)

futur [fytyʁ]

future (noun [m]: time ahead) ●

• Nous devons construire un futur meilleur pour nos enfants. (We must build a better future for our children.)

future (adjective: coming or to come) ●

• Les scientifiques préparent les futures missions spatiales vers Mars. (Scientists are preparing future space missions to Mars.)

future (adjective: about to become) ●

• Le directeur a présenté sa future équipe de collaborateurs lors de la conférence. (The director presented his future team of collaborators at the conference.)

future (noun [m]: verb tense in grammar) ●

• Les étudiants apprennent à conjuguer les verbes au futur lors du cours de grammaire. (Students learn to conjugate verbs in the future tense during grammar class.)

mouvement [muv.mɑ̃]

movement, motion (noun [m]: displacement or change in position) ●

• Les passagers ont ressenti le mouvement du bateau malgré une mer relativement calme. (The passengers felt the movement of the boat despite a relatively calm sea.)

former [fɔʁme]

train (transitive verb: to educate or instruct) ●

• L’université forme des ingénieurs spécialisés en intelligence artificielle. (The university trains engineers specialized in artificial intelligence.)

form, constitute, make up (transitive verb: to create or compose) ●

• Les douze membres forment le comité consultatif de notre organisation. (The twelve members form the advisory committee of our organization.)

form, shape, make (transitive verb: to develop or forge) ●

• Les voyages forment la jeunesse et élargissent les perspectives culturelles. (Travel shapes youth and broadens cultural perspectives.)

shape, give form to (transitive verb: to fashion or mold) ●

• Le potier forme délicatement la glaise humide sur son tour. (The potter delicately shapes the wet clay on his wheel.)

form, appear (reflexive verb: to come into existence) ●

• Des nuages sombres se forment rapidement à l’horizon. (Dark clouds are forming rapidly on the horizon.)

be formed (reflexive verb: to develop or grow) ●

• Le goût musical se forme dès l’enfance grâce à l’exposition variée. (Musical taste is formed in childhood through varied exposure.)

educate yourself, teach yourself (reflexive verb: to acquire training) ●

• Beaucoup de programmeurs autodidactes se forment en ligne aujourd’hui. (Many self-taught programmers educate themselves online today.)

form, gather (reflexive verb: to arrange oneself) ●

• Les manifestants se forment en cortège devant la mairie. (The protesters are forming a procession in front of the city hall.)

conduire [kɔ̃.dɥiʁ]

drive (intransitive verb: to operate a vehicle) ●

• Mon grand-père a appris à conduire à l’âge de cinquante ans. (My grandfather learned to drive at the age of fifty.)

drive, steer (transitive verb: to operate a vehicle) ●

• Elle préfère conduire une petite voiture en ville plutôt qu’un SUV. (She prefers to drive a small car in the city rather than an SUV.)

lead, guide, bring, take (transitive verb: to bring to a specific place) ●

• Ce sentier nous conduira directement au sommet de la montagne. (This path will lead us directly to the summit of the mountain.)

drive, give a lift, give a ride (transitive verb: to transport someone by vehicle) ●

• Peux-tu conduire ma mère chez le médecin cet après-midi? (Can you drive my mother to the doctor’s this afternoon?)

lead, guide (transitive verb: to bring up to a point) ●

• Ses recherches l’ont conduit à une découverte révolutionnaire. (His research led him to a revolutionary discovery.)

perform, execute, carry out, conduct (transitive verb: to realize or elaborate) ●

• L’équipe de chercheurs conduit une étude approfondie sur le changement climatique. (The research team is conducting a thorough study on climate change.)

behave, behave yourself (reflexive verb: to conduct oneself) ●

• Les enfants se sont bien conduits pendant toute la visite au musée. (The children behaved well throughout the museum visit.)

drive, lead (transitive verb: to bring to a state) ●

• L’isolement prolongé peut conduire certaines personnes à la dépression. (Prolonged isolation can drive some people to depression.)

conduct, lead (transitive verb: to direct a group) ●

• Le maestro conduira l’orchestre philharmonique lors du concert de gala. (The maestro will conduct the philharmonic orchestra during the gala concert.)

lead, head, be at the head of (transitive verb: to be in front) ●

• Le maire conduisait la délégation officielle lors de la cérémonie d’inauguration. (The mayor headed the official delegation during the inauguration ceremony.)

be driven, be steered (reflexive verb: to be directed) ●

• Ce nouveau modèle se conduit facilement grâce à sa direction assistée. (This new model is easily driven thanks to its power steering.)

règle [ʁɛɡl]

rule, regulation (noun [f]: law or standard) ●

• Les élèves doivent respecter toutes les règles de l’établissement scolaire. (Students must follow all the rules of the school.)

rules (noun [f] pl: social conventions) ●

• Il ne connaît pas encore les règles de politesse dans notre pays. (He doesn’t yet know the rules of etiquette in our country.)

rule (noun [f]: game instructions) ●

• Avant de jouer aux échecs, il faut bien apprendre les règles du jeu. (Before playing chess, you must learn the rules of the game properly.)

rule (noun [f]: usual case) ●

• Dans cette entreprise, arriver en retard est devenu la règle plutôt que l’exception. (In this company, arriving late has become the rule rather than the exception.)

ruler (noun [f]: drawing tool) ●

• L’architecte utilise toujours sa règle pour tracer des lignes droites et précises. (The architect always uses his ruler to draw straight and precise lines.)

period (noun [f] pl: menstruation) ●

• Elle ne se sent pas bien car elle a ses règles cette semaine. (She doesn’t feel well because she has her period this week.)

poste [pɔst]

post office (noun [f]: postal building) ●

• Je dois passer à la poste avant midi pour envoyer ce colis urgent. (I have to go to the post office before noon to send this urgent package.)

post, position (noun [m]: job) ●

• Elle a accepté un poste de directrice dans une grande société parisienne. (She accepted a position as director in a large Paris company.)

post (noun [m]: location or station) ●

• Les soldats restent à leur poste toute la nuit pour surveiller la frontière. (The soldiers remain at their post all night to watch the border.)

post, posting, appointment (noun [m]: assignment) ●

• Le diplomate a reçu un nouveau poste à l’ambassade de Tokyo. (The diplomat received a new posting at the Tokyo embassy.)

position (noun [m]: role in team sport) ●

• Au football, il préfère jouer au poste de milieu de terrain défensif. (In football, he prefers to play the defensive midfield position.)

telephone, phone (noun [m]: phone line or extension) ●

• Pour joindre le directeur commercial, composez le poste trois cent quinze. (To reach the sales director, dial extension three hundred fifteen.)

television, television set (noun [m]: TV or radio device) ●

• Mon grand-père écoute les informations sur son vieux poste de radio chaque matin. (My grandfather listens to the news on his old radio every morning.)

demande [dəmɑ̃d]

request (noun [f]: query or petition) ●

• Le directeur a refusé ma demande de congé pour le mois prochain. (The manager refused my request for leave next month.)

request (noun [f]: question posed) ●

• Votre demande sera traitée dans les quarante-huit heures suivant sa réception. (Your request will be processed within forty-eight hours of receipt.)

demands (noun [f] pl: expectations or needs) ●

• Ce restaurant s’adapte constamment à la demande de sa clientèle exigeante. (This restaurant constantly adapts to the demands of its discerning clientele.)

application (noun [f]: formal request for document or status) ●

• Il a déposé une demande de visa auprès du consulat américain hier. (He submitted a visa application to the American consulate yesterday.)

demand (noun [f]: economic concept) ●

• Quand la demande augmente et l’offre diminue, les prix montent rapidement. (When demand rises and supply falls, prices go up quickly.)

centre [sɑ̃tʁ]

centre (noun [m]: perfect middle point) ●

• Le monument se trouve exactement au centre de la place principale. (The monument is located exactly at the centre of the main square.)

city centre, town centre (noun [m]: downtown area) ●

• Nous habitons en banlieue mais nous allons souvent au centre pour faire nos courses. (We live in the suburbs but we often go to the city centre to do our shopping.)

middle (noun [m]: area in the middle) ●

• Les enfants ont placé leurs jouets au centre de la chambre. (The children placed their toys in the middle of the room.)

centre (noun [m]: facility or complex) ●

• La ville a inauguré un nouveau centre sportif avec piscine et gymnase. (The town has opened a new sports centre with a swimming pool and gymnasium.)

acte [akt]

action (noun [m]: human deed) ●

• Cet acte de bravoure lui a valu une médaille militaire. (This act of bravery earned him a military medal.)

act (noun [m]: division of a theatrical play) ●

• La pièce de Molière se compose de cinq actes et plusieurs scènes. (Molière’s play consists of five acts and several scenes.)

deed (noun [m]: official written document) ●

• Le notaire nous a remis l’acte de propriété après la signature du contrat. (The solicitor gave us the deed of ownership after signing the contract.)

disparaître [dispaʁɛtʁ]

disappear (intransitive verb: become invisible) ●

• Le soleil a disparu derrière les nuages épais de l’orage. (The sun disappeared behind the thick storm clouds.)

disappear (intransitive verb: no longer be present) ●

• Cette tradition ancienne a complètement disparu de nos jours. (This old tradition has completely disappeared nowadays.)

disappear (intransitive verb: be untraceable) ●

• Le suspect a mystérieusement disparu sans laisser de traces. (The suspect mysteriously disappeared without leaving a trace.)

disappear (intransitive verb: die or cease to exist) ●

• Beaucoup d’espèces animales risquent de disparaître à cause du changement climatique. (Many animal species risk disappearing because of climate change.)

disappear (intransitive verb: be hidden by something) ●

• La voiture a disparu sous une épaisse couche de neige pendant la tempête. (The car disappeared under a thick layer of snow during the storm.)

priver [pʁive]

leave without, deprive of (transitive verb: prevent from using) ●

• La panne d’électricité a privé tout le quartier de chauffage pendant trois jours. (The power outage left the entire neighborhood without heating for three days.)

deprive of (transitive verb: remove enjoyment of something) ●

• L’accident l’a privé de sa capacité à marcher normalement. (The accident deprived him of his ability to walk normally.)

not allow (transitive verb: refuse what is desired) ●

• Ses parents l’ont privé de dessert pour avoir menti. (His parents did not allow him dessert for lying.)

deprive of (transitive verb: frustrate of something) ●

• Cette décision nous prive du plaisir de vous voir cet été. (This decision deprives us of the pleasure of seeing you this summer.)

go without (reflexive verb: abstain) ●

• Pour économiser de l’argent, nous nous privons de vacances cette année. (To save money, we are going without a holiday this year.)

rob of (transitive verb: remove use of a faculty) ●

• La maladie l’a progressivement privé de l’usage de la parole. (The illness progressively robbed him of the use of speech.)

deprive yourself of (reflexive verb: impose privations) ●

• Ils se privent de tout pour offrir une meilleure éducation à leurs enfants. (They deprive themselves of everything to give their children a better education.)

not hesitate to do (reflexive verb: not hold back from doing) ●

• Le critique ne s’est pas privé de souligner toutes les faiblesses du film. (The critic did not hesitate to point out all the weaknesses of the film.)

constituer [kɔ̃stitɥe]

form (transitive verb: create or establish) ●

• Les membres fondateurs ont constitué l’association il y a quinze ans. (The founding members formed the association fifteen years ago.)

constitute (transitive verb: compose or make up) ●

• Ces trois chapitres constituent la partie la plus importante du livre. (These three chapters constitute the most important part of the book.)

be formed (reflexive verb: come into being) ●

• Un nouveau gouvernement de coalition s’est constitué après les élections. (A new coalition government was formed after the elections.)

consist of (reflexive verb: be composed of) ●

• L’équipe se constitue de douze joueurs et trois remplaçants. (The team consists of twelve players and three substitutes.)

amass (transitive verb: establish or accumulate) ●

• Il a constitué une fortune considérable en investissant dans l’immobilier. (He has amassed a considerable fortune by investing in real estate.)

amass (reflexive verb: acquire for oneself) ●

• Elle s’est constitué une bibliothèque impressionnante au fil des années. (She has amassed an impressive library over the years.)

accord [akɔʁ]

agreement (noun [m]: contract or convention) ●

• Les deux entreprises ont signé un accord commercial très avantageux. (The two companies signed a very advantageous commercial agreement.)

permission (noun [m]: authorization) ●

• Les enfants ont besoin de l’accord de leurs parents pour participer à l’excursion. (The children need their parents’ permission to participate in the trip.)

harmony (noun [m]: understanding or rapport) ●

• Il règne un accord parfait entre les membres de cette équipe. (There is perfect harmony among the members of this team.)

harmony (noun [m]: adaptation or match) ●

• J’admire l’accord entre les couleurs de cette peinture abstraite. (I admire the harmony between the colors in this abstract painting.)

chord (noun [m]: set of musical notes) ●

• Le guitariste a joué un accord de mi mineur très émouvant. (The guitarist played a very moving E minor chord.)

agreement (noun [m]: grammatical concord) ●

• L’accord du participe passé avec l’auxiliaire avoir suit des règles précises. (The agreement of the past participle with the auxiliary avoir follows specific rules.)

tuning (noun [m]: adjustment of musical instrument) ●

• Le technicien vérifie l’accord du piano avant chaque concert. (The technician checks the tuning of the piano before each concert.)

milliard [miljaʁ]

billion (noun [m]: one thousand million) ●

• Le budget national dépasse maintenant les deux cents milliards d’euros. (The national budget now exceeds two hundred billion euros.)

billions (noun [m]: huge quantity) ●

• Il y a des milliards d’étoiles visibles dans le ciel nocturne. (There are billions of stars visible in the night sky.)

lier [lje]

tie (transitive verb: attach or fasten) ●

• La petite fille a appris à lier ses lacets toute seule. (The little girl learned to tie her shoelaces all by herself.)

bind, tie (transitive verb: create a connection) ●

• Un accord commercial lie notre entreprise à ce fournisseur depuis dix ans. (A commercial agreement has bound our company to this supplier for ten years.)

bind, tie (transitive verb: restrain movement) ●

• Les ravisseurs ont lié les mains du prisonnier derrière son dos. (The kidnappers bound the prisoner’s hands behind his back.)

become friendly with, get friendly with (reflexive verb: develop relationships) ●

• À l’université, elle s’est liée à des étudiants passionnés par les mêmes sujets. (At university, she became friendly with students who were passionate about the same subjects.)

obliger [ɔbliʒe]

make do, force to do (transitive verb: compel to do something) ●

• La tempête a obligé tous les passagers à rester à l’aéroport pendant douze heures. (The storm forced all passengers to remain at the airport for twelve hours.)

help (transitive verb: do a favor for someone) ●

• Vous m’avez beaucoup obligé en acceptant de garder mes enfants ce week-end. (You really helped me by agreeing to look after my children this weekend.)

craindre [kʁɛ̃dʁ]

be afraid of, be scared of (transitive verb: have fear of something or someone) ●

• Mon petit cousin craint les gros chiens depuis qu’il a été mordu. (My little cousin has been afraid of big dogs ever since he was bitten.)

be afraid of, be afraid of doing (transitive verb: fear doing something) ●

• Elle craint de parler en public devant un grand auditoire. (She is afraid of speaking in public in front of a large audience.)

be worried about, be concerned about (transitive verb: feel apprehension about) ●

• Les parents craignent une épidémie de grippe dans l’école de leurs enfants. (The parents are worried about a flu epidemic at their children’s school.)

be worried, be worried that (transitive verb with subjunctive: fear that something will happen) ●

• Je crains qu’il ne soit déjà trop tard pour s’inscrire au cours. (I’m worried it’s already too late to register for the course.)

be sensitive to (transitive verb: not tolerate well) ●

• Ces plantes tropicales craignent le froid et doivent être rentrées en hiver. (These tropical plants are sensitive to cold and must be brought indoors in winter.)

passé [pɑse]

past (noun [m]: period before the present) ●

• Il faut accepter son passé pour pouvoir avancer dans la vie. (You must accept your past in order to move forward in life.)

past, history (noun [m]: events that have taken place) ●

• Les archéologues étudient le passé en fouillant les sites anciens. (Archaeologists study the past by excavating ancient sites.)

last (adjective: relating to elapsed period) ●

• Le mois passé, nous avons eu beaucoup de pluie et peu de soleil. (Last month, we had a lot of rain and very little sunshine.)

past, history (noun [m]: personal background) ●

• Le candidat a un passé politique mouvementé qui ressort dans la campagne. (The candidate has a turbulent political past that is emerging during the campaign.)

past tense, past (noun [m]: grammatical tense) ●

• Les élèves doivent conjuguer tous ces verbes au passé composé. (The students must conjugate all these verbs in the past tense.)

past (noun [m]: collection of memories) ●

• Il ne parle jamais de son passé et préfère regarder vers l’avenir. (He never talks about his past and prefers to look toward the future.)

after (preposition: beyond a certain time) ●

• Passé minuit, il n’y a plus de métro et il faut prendre un taxi. (After midnight, there’s no more metro and you have to take a taxi.)

faded (adjective: having lost brightness) ●

• Après plusieurs étés au soleil, les rideaux sont complètement passés. (After several summers in the sun, the curtains are completely faded.)

dull (adjective: lacking luster) ●

• Les couleurs vives du tableau sont maintenant passées à cause de l’humidité. (The vivid colors of the painting are now dull because of the humidity.)

âge [ɑʒ]

age (noun [m]: time of life) ●

• À ton âge, tu devrais déjà savoir conduire une voiture. (At your age, you should already know how to drive a car.)

age (noun [m]: old age or advanced years) ●

• Malgré son grand âge, il continue à travailler dans son jardin chaque jour. (Despite his advanced age, he continues to work in his garden every day.)

age (noun [m]: years of maturation) ●

• L’âge de ce whisky écossais dépasse les vingt-cinq ans. (The age of this Scottish whisky exceeds twenty-five years.)

age (noun [m]: geological era) ●

• Les dinosaures vivaient à l’âge mésozoïque, il y a des millions d’années. (Dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic age, millions of years ago.)

mariage [ma.ʁjaʒ]

marriage, wedding (noun [m]: union of a couple) ●

• Le mariage de mes parents a duré cinquante ans. (My parents’ marriage lasted fifty years.)

wedding, marriage, nuptials (noun [m]: wedding celebration) ●

• Le mariage aura lieu dans une vieille église du village. (The wedding will take place in an old village church.)

match, blend, combination, amalgamation, marriage (noun [m]: union or blending) ●

• Le chef crée un mariage parfait entre saveurs orientales et occidentales. (The chef creates a perfect blend of Eastern and Western flavors.)

couleur [ku.lœʁ]

colour, color, hue (noun [f]: visible radiation) ●

• Le vert est ma couleur préférée pour décorer mon bureau. (Green is my favorite colour for decorating my office.)

colour, color (noun [f]: substance for coloring) ●

• Les artistes modernes utilisent des couleurs synthétiques pour leurs toiles. (Modern artists use synthetic colors for their canvases.)

colour, color, colouring, coloring (noun [f]: coloring of the face) ●

• Elle a perdu toute couleur en apprenant la nouvelle. (She lost all color upon hearing the news.)

colour, color (noun [f]: hair dye) ●

• Je vais chez le coiffeur pour me faire faire une couleur blonde. (I’m going to the hairdresser to get a blonde color put in.)

coloureds, coloreds (noun [f]: colored laundry) ●

• Je lave toujours la couleur séparément du blanc. (I always wash the coloureds separately from the whites.)

témoigner [te.mwa.ɲe]

bear witness, give evidence, testify, talk about your experience, share your experience (intransitive verb: state what one has seen) ●

• Plusieurs témoins vont témoigner devant le tribunal demain. (Several witnesses will testify before the court tomorrow.)

show, give (transitive verb: show or make known) ●

• Ce geste témoigne son respect profond pour ses collègues. (This gesture shows his deep respect for his colleagues.)

be testament to, be evidence of, show, demonstrate, prove (transitive verb: demonstrate) ●

• Ses nombreux diplômes témoignent de son engagement envers l’éducation. (His numerous degrees are testament to his commitment to education.)

testify on behalf of, testify on’s behalf (verb phrase: act in favor of someone) ●

• Mon ancien professeur a accepté de témoigner en faveur de moi. (My former teacher agreed to testify on my behalf.)

sauver [so.ve]

save (transitive verb: heal) ●

• Le médecin a réussi à sauver le patient grâce à une intervention rapide. (The doctor managed to save the patient through quick intervention.)

protect, save (transitive verb: protect) ●

• Il faut sauver ces forêts anciennes avant qu’elles ne disparaissent. (We must protect these ancient forests before they disappear.)

escape, get away, run away (reflexive verb: flee) ●

• Les prisonniers se sont sauvés pendant la nuit. (The prisoners escaped during the night.)

be off, dash, go (reflexive verb: leave) ●

• Je dois me sauver maintenant, on se voit demain! (I must dash now, see you tomorrow!)

parlementaire [paʁ.lə.mɑ̃.tɛʁ]

parliamentary, of Parliament (adjective: relating to Parliament) ●

• La séance parlementaire commence à quinze heures précises. (The parliamentary session begins at three o’clock sharp.)

parliamentarian (noun [m/f]: member of a parliament) ●

• Les parlementaires débattent actuellement d’une nouvelle loi sur l’environnement. (The parliamentarians are currently debating a new environmental law.)

envoy (noun [m/f]: person charged with negotiating) ●

• Un parlementaire a été envoyé pour discuter des conditions de paix. (An envoy was sent to discuss the peace conditions.)

diplomatic (adjective: relating to negotiation) ●

• La mission parlementaire vise à trouver un terrain d’entente. (The diplomatic mission aims to find common ground.)

conclusion [kɔ̃klyzjɔ̃]

conclusion (noun [f]: final part of a speech or text) ●

• La conclusion de son rapport était particulièrement convaincante. (The conclusion of his report was particularly convincing.)

conclusion, outcome, end (noun [f]: termination) ●

• Nous attendons avec impatience la conclusion de ces longues négociations. (We are eagerly awaiting the conclusion of these lengthy negotiations.)

conclusion (noun [f]: consequence drawn from facts) ●

• Quelle conclusion peut-on tirer de cette expérience scientifique? (What conclusion can be drawn from this scientific experiment?)

submissions, pleadings (noun [f] pl: legal motivation of claims) ●

• L’avocat a déposé ses conclusions devant le tribunal hier. (The lawyer submitted his pleadings to the court yesterday.)

bleu [blø]

blue (adjective: color) ●

• Elle portait une magnifique robe bleue pour la cérémonie. (She wore a magnificent blue dress for the ceremony.)

blue (noun [m]: color) ●

• Le bleu du ciel méditerranéen est incomparable. (The blue of the Mediterranean sky is incomparable.)

bruise (noun [m]: contusion) ●

• Après sa chute, elle avait plusieurs bleus sur les jambes. (After her fall, she had several bruises on her legs.)

blue cheese (noun [m]: type of cheese) ●

• Mon fromage préféré est le bleu d’Auvergne. (My favorite cheese is Auvergne blue cheese.)

very rare (adjective: meat, minimally cooked) ●

• Je préfère toujours commander mon steak bleu au restaurant. (I always prefer to order my steak very rare at the restaurant.)

novice, newbie, greenhorn, beginner, rookie (noun [m/f]: beginner) ●

• C’est encore un bleu, il faut lui laisser le temps d’apprendre. (He’s still a rookie; we need to give him time to learn.)

overalls, boiler suit, dungarees (noun [m]: work clothing) ●

• Le mécanicien enfile son bleu avant de commencer à travailler. (The mechanic puts on his overalls before starting work.)

dehors [dəɔʁ]

outside (adverb: outdoors) ●

• Il fait trop froid, je refuse de sortir dehors aujourd’hui. (It’s too cold; I refuse to go outside today.)

outside, exterior (noun [m]: external part) ●

• Le dehors de la maison a besoin d’une nouvelle couche de peinture. (The outside of the house needs a new coat of paint.)

outward appearance (noun [m] pl: appearances) ●

• Sous des dehors sévères, elle cache un cœur généreux. (Beneath a severe outward appearance, she hides a generous heart.)

remercier [ʁəmɛʁsje]

thank, say thank you to (transitive verb: be grateful) ●

• Je voulais te remercier pour ton soutien pendant cette période difficile. (I wanted to thank you for your support during this difficult period.)

thank for, say thank you to for (transitive verb + preposition: express gratitude for) ●

• Elle l’a remercié pour le magnifique cadeau d’anniversaire. (She thanked him for the magnificent birthday present.)

thank for doing, thank for having done (transitive verb: show appreciation for action) ●

• Nous vous remercions d’avoir participé à notre réunion. (We thank you for having participated in our meeting.)

dismiss, sack, fire (transitive verb: terminate employment) ●

• Le directeur a dû le remercier après trois avertissements. (The director had to dismiss him after three warnings.)

actif [aktif]

active (adjective: full and complete participation) ●

• Nous recherchons une participation active de tous les membres. (We are seeking active participation from all members.)

energetic, animated, active (adjective: full of energy) ●

• Ma grand-mère reste très active malgré son âge avancé. (My grandmother remains very active despite her advanced age.)

active (adjective: engaged member or participant) ●

• Elle est un membre actif de plusieurs associations caritatives. (She is an active member of several charitable associations.)

effective, active (adjective: efficacious) ●

• Ce nouveau traitement s’est révélé particulièrement actif contre la maladie. (This new treatment proved particularly effective against the disease.)

worker, working-age adult, adult of working age, working-age person, person of working age, workforce (noun [m/f]: economics, worker or unemployed person) ●

• Le taux de chômage des actifs a augmenté ce trimestre. (The unemployment rate among the workforce increased this quarter.)

active, active voice (noun [m]: linguistics, active form) ●

• Cette phrase doit être conjuguée à l’actif plutôt qu’au passif. (This sentence should be conjugated in the active rather than the passive.)

réclamer [ʁeklame]

demand, claim, beg for, call for, cry for (transitive verb: ask to have) ●

• Les manifestants réclament une augmentation des salaires. (The protesters are demanding a salary increase.)

require, necessitate, call for (transitive verb: need) ●

• Cette situation réclame une intervention immédiate. (This situation requires immediate intervention.)

demand, expect (transitive verb: require strictly) ●

• Ce professeur réclame l’excellence de tous ses étudiants. (This professor demands excellence from all his students.)

want more, not be satisfied (intransitive verb: desire additional) ●

• On lui a donné une part de gâteau, mais il réclame toujours. (He was given a piece of cake, but he still wants more.)

habitude [abityd]

habit, custom (noun [f]: regular practice) ●

• J’ai pris l’habitude de me lever tôt chaque matin. (I’ve gotten into the habit of getting up early every morning.)

habit, usual practice (noun [f]: routine behavior) ●

• C’est devenu une habitude chez nous de dîner ensemble le dimanche. (It has become a habit at our place to dine together on Sundays.)

récemment [ʁesamɑ̃]

recently, not long ago, lately (adverb: a short time ago) ●

• J’ai récemment découvert un excellent restaurant près de chez moi. (I recently discovered an excellent restaurant near my home.)

fil [fil]

thread, cotton, yarn (noun [m]: textile cord for sewing) ●

• J’ai besoin d’un fil rouge pour recoudre ce bouton. (I need red thread to sew this button back on.)

wire, cable (noun [m]: electrical conductor) ●

• Attention à ne pas toucher les fils électriques dénudés! (Be careful not to touch the bare electrical wires!)

thread (noun [m]: sequence of ideas) ●

• J’ai perdu le fil de la conversation pendant un instant. (I lost the thread of the conversation for a moment.)

string (noun [m]: cord for puppets) ●

• Le marionnettiste manipule habilement les fils de sa marionnette. (The puppeteer skillfully manipulates the strings of his puppet.)

string (noun [m]: tough fiber in vegetables) ●

• Ces haricots verts ont trop de fils, ils sont difficiles à manger. (These green beans have too many strings; they’re difficult to eat.)

collectif [kɔlɛktif]

community, public (adjective: for a group of people) ●

• La piscine est un équipement collectif très apprécié dans le quartier. (The swimming pool is a much-appreciated community facility in the neighborhood.)

collective, group (noun [m]: assembly of people) ●

• Un collectif de citoyens s’est formé pour défendre l’environnement. (A collective of citizens has formed to defend the environment.)

excellent [ɛksɛlɑ̃, ɑ̃t]

excellent, very good, splendid, superb (adjective: of very high quality) ●

• Ce vin est excellent, je vais en commander une autre bouteille. (This wine is excellent; I’m going to order another bottle.)

moral [mɔʁal]

morale (noun [m]: state of mind, spirits) ●

• Après la défaite, le moral de l’équipe était au plus bas. (After the defeat, the team’s morale was at its lowest.)

moral (noun [m]: set of ethical principles) ●

• Le code moral de cette communauté interdit toute violence. (The moral code of this community forbids all violence.)

accident [aksidɑ̃]

accident, crash, collision (noun [m]: vehicle collision) ●

• Un accident grave a provoqué des embouteillages sur l’autoroute. (A serious accident caused traffic jams on the motorway.)

accident, mishap (noun [m]: unfortunate event) ●

• Il y a eu un accident dans le laboratoire ce matin. (There was an accident in the laboratory this morning.)

code [kɔd]

code (noun [m]: set of laws) ●

• Le code civil régit les relations entre les citoyens. (The civil code governs relations between citizens.)

code (noun [m]: secret system of symbols) ●

• Les espions utilisaient un code secret pour leurs messages. (The spies used a secret code for their messages.)

puissant [pɥisɑ̃, ɑ̃t]

powerful (adjective: having great capabilities) ●

• Cette nouvelle fusée dispose d’un moteur très puissant. (This new rocket has a very powerful engine.)

strong, powerful (adjective: having great physical strength) ●

• Le lutteur était extrêmement puissant et remportait tous ses combats. (The wrestler was extremely strong and won all his matches.)

strong, powerful (adjective: intense feeling) ●

• Elle ressentait une émotion puissante en revoyant son village natal. (She felt a powerful emotion upon seeing her native village again.)

powerful (adjective: having economic means) ●

• Les États-Unis restent une nation économiquement puissante. (The United States remains an economically powerful nation.)

powerful, influential (adjective: having influence) ●

• Ce banquier est très puissant dans le monde de la finance. (This banker is very powerful in the world of finance.)

powerful, violent, forceful, mighty (adjective: violent) ●

• Un puissant tremblement de terre a secoué la région hier soir. (A powerful earthquake shook the region last night.)

powerful person, powerful man, the powerful (noun [m]: very influential person) ●

• Les puissants de ce monde se réunissent chaque année dans cette station de ski. (The powerful of this world meet every year at this ski resort.)

recueillir [ʁəkœjiʁ]

collect, gather, reap, garner (transitive verb: to harvest) ●

• Les chercheurs recueillent des données depuis plusieurs mois. (The researchers have been collecting data for several months.)

receive, get, reap (transitive verb: to obtain) ●

• Le nouveau président a recueilli 55% des voix. (The new president received 55% of the votes.)

note, register, record (transitive verb: to register) ●

• L’enquêteur recueille tous les témoignages des habitants. (The investigator is recording all the residents’ testimonies.)

receive, hear (transitive verb: to receive) ●

• Le médecin recueille les confidences de ses patients avec compassion. (The doctor receives his patients’ confidences with compassion.)

take in (transitive verb: to give shelter to someone or an animal) ●

• Nous avons recueilli un chat abandonné dans la rue. (We took in a cat that was abandoned in the street.)

gather yourself, gather your thoughts (reflexive verb: to think internally) ●

• L’avocat se recueillit un instant avant de prendre la parole. (The lawyer gathered himself for a moment before speaking.)

commune with yourself, engage in private prayer, reflect (reflexive verb: to meditate) ●

• Les fidèles se recueillent devant l’autel avant la messe. (The faithful engage in private prayer before the altar before mass.)

fabriquer [fabʁike]

make, produce, manufacture (transitive verb: to make, to produce) ●

• Cette entreprise fabrique des meubles depuis trois générations. (This company has been manufacturing furniture for three generations.)

do, be up to (transitive verb: what are you doing) ●

• Tu fabriques quoi dans le garage depuis ce matin ? (What are you up to in the garage since this morning?)

make up, invent, fabricate (transitive verb: to create from whole cloth) ●

• Le suspect avait fabriqué une histoire pour expliquer son absence. (The suspect had made up a story to explain his absence.)

représentant [ʁəpʁezɑ̃tɑ̃, ɑ̃t]

representative (noun [m/f]: intermediary, agent) ●

• Elle est la représentante légale de son fils mineur. (She is the legal representative of her minor son.)

representative, sales representative, salesman, saleswoman (noun [m/f]: commercial salesperson) ●

• Un représentant en produits pharmaceutiques visite les médecins régulièrement. (A pharmaceutical sales representative visits doctors regularly.)

representative (noun [m/f]: typical person) ●

• Ce chef est un parfait représentant de la cuisine française. (This chef is a perfect representative of French cuisine.)

rare [ʁaʁ]

rare, uncommon, unusual, few and far between, scarce (adjective: not common) ●

• Les personnes qui parlent cinq langues sont rares. (People who speak five languages are rare.)

rare (adjective: sought-after) ●

• Ce timbre est extrêmement rare et vaut une fortune. (This stamp is extremely rare and worth a fortune.)

few (adjective: few in number) ●

• Rares sont les étudiants qui ont réussi cet examen difficile. (Few students passed this difficult exam.)

rare, unusual (adjective: unusual) ●

• Il est rare qu’elle arrive en retard à une réunion. (It is rare for her to arrive late to a meeting.)

occasional, infrequent (adjective: infrequent) ●

• Des averses rares sont prévues dans l’après-midi. (Occasional showers are forecast in the afternoon.)

sparse (adjective: hair, sparse) ●

• Ses cheveux rares laissaient voir son cuir chevelu. (His sparse hair revealed his scalp.)

extraordinaire [ɛkstʁaɔʁdinɛʁ]

extraordinary, unbelievable, incredible (adjective: incredible) ●

• Les scientifiques ont fait une découverte extraordinaire. (The scientists made an extraordinary discovery.)

extraordinary, unusual, remarkable, singular (adjective: remarkable) ●

• Ce musicien possède un talent extraordinaire. (This musician has extraordinary talent.)

extraordinary, exceptional, phenomenal (adjective: out of the ordinary) ●

• Nous avons assisté à un spectacle tout à fait extraordinaire. (We attended a truly extraordinary show.)

extraordinary, immense, enormous (adjective: immense, intense) ●

• Cette athlète fait preuve d’un courage extraordinaire. (This athlete shows extraordinary courage.)

extraordinary, special, exceptional (adjective: exceptional measure or expense) ●

• Le gouvernement a convoqué une session extraordinaire du parlement. (The government has called an extraordinary session of parliament.)

dimanche [dimɑ̃ʃ]

Sunday (noun [m]: day after Saturday) ●

• Nous allons à la campagne tous les dimanches. (We go to the countryside every Sunday.)

vérifier [veʁifje]

check, confirm, verify, make sure (transitive verb: to check whether) ●

• Peux-tu vérifier si la porte est bien fermée ? (Can you check if the door is properly closed?)

verify, confirm, prove, check, put to the test (transitive verb: to prove by facts) ●

• Il faut vérifier ces informations avant de les publier. (These facts must be verified before publishing them.)

check, test, keep a close eye on (transitive verb: to control) ●

• Je dois faire vérifier mes freins avant le long voyage. (I need to have my brakes checked before the long trip.)

be proven, be borne out, be proven correct (reflexive verb: to be proven) ●

• Ses prédictions se sont vérifiées avec le temps. (His predictions were proven correct over time.)

envie [ɑ̃vi]

wish, desire, yen, yearning (noun [f]: desire for something) ●

• J’ai une grande envie de voyager en Asie. (I have a great desire to travel to Asia.)

longing, desire (noun [f]: covetousness) ●

• Il regardait la voiture de sport avec envie. (He was looking at the sports car with longing.)

envy, jealousy (noun [f]: jealousy) ●

• Son succès a suscité l’envie de ses collègues. (His success aroused the envy of his colleagues.)

urge, desire, craving (noun [f]: natural need) ●

• Pendant sa grossesse, elle avait des envies de fraises. (During her pregnancy, she had cravings for strawberries.)

enregistrer [ɑ̃ʁəʒistʁe]

record, burn, tape (transitive verb: to record on a medium) ●

• Le musicien va enregistrer son nouvel album la semaine prochaine. (The musician is going to record his new album next week.)

record, enter, book (transitive verb: to note information in a register) ●

• La secrétaire enregistre toutes les commandes dans le système. (The secretary records all orders in the system.)

check in, check (transitive verb: to check luggage) ●

• N’oubliez pas d’enregistrer vos bagages deux heures avant le vol. (Don’t forget to check in your luggage two hours before the flight.)

take in, retain (transitive verb: to memorize) ●

• Cet élève enregistre tout ce qu’on lui explique. (This student takes in everything that is explained to him.)

note, observe (transitive verb: to observe, to note) ●

• On enregistre une amélioration de la situation économique. (An improvement in the economic situation is being observed.)

moderne [mɔdɛʁn]

modern, contemporary (adjective: of the present time) ●

• L’art moderne se caractérise par sa rupture avec les traditions. (Modern art is characterized by its break with traditions.)

modern, up-to-date (adjective: recent) ●

• Cette usine utilise les équipements les plus modernes. (This factory uses the most up-to-date equipment.)

modern, contemporary (adjective: contemporary) ●

• Je préfère l’architecture moderne à l’architecture classique. (I prefer modern architecture to classical architecture.)

modern, progressive (adjective: adaptable) ●

• Mes parents sont très modernes dans leur façon de penser. (My parents are very progressive in their way of thinking.)

modern furniture, modern style (noun [m]: contemporary furniture) ●

• Ils ont décoré leur salon en moderne avec des meubles scandinaves. (They decorated their living room in modern style with Scandinavian furniture.)

parc [paʁk]

park (noun [m]: public green space for recreation) ●

• Les enfants jouent au parc tous les dimanches. (The children play in the park every Sunday.)

park, grounds, gardens (noun [m]: green space of a castle or estate) ●

• Le parc du château a été restauré et ouvert au public. (The castle grounds have been restored and opened to the public.)

stock (noun [m]: collection of equipment or assets) ●

• L’entreprise modernise son parc informatique chaque année. (The company modernizes its IT stock every year.)

playpen (noun [m]: enclosure for young children) ●

• Le bébé dort tranquillement dans son parc. (The baby is sleeping peacefully in his playpen.)

pen, enclosure (noun [m]: enclosure for animals) ●

• Les moutons rentrent dans leur parc pour la nuit. (The sheep return to their pen for the night.)

impôt [ɛ̃po]

tax, levy (noun [m]: mandatory payment to government) ●

• Tous les citoyens doivent payer leurs impôts avant la date limite. (All citizens must pay their taxes before the deadline.)

HMRC, IRS, tax office, Inland Revenue, revenue (noun [m] pl: tax administration office) ●

• J’ai reçu une lettre des impôts concernant ma déclaration. (I received a letter from the tax office concerning my tax return.)

sud [syd]

south (noun [m]: cardinal direction) ●

• Le soleil se lève à l’est et se couche au sud-ouest. (The sun rises in the east and sets in the southwest.)

south (noun [m]: location to the south of another place) ●

• Nice se trouve dans le sud de la France. (Nice is located in the south of France.)

the South, the South of France (noun [m]: southern France) ●

• Beaucoup de Parisiens partent dans le Sud pour les vacances d’été. (Many Parisians go to the South for summer holidays.)

south, southern, southerly (adjective: located in the southern part) ●

• La région sud du pays connaît un climat méditerranéen. (The southern region of the country has a Mediterranean climate.)

southerly, south (adjective: coming from the south) ●

• Un vent sud apporte de l’air chaud et humide. (A southerly wind brings warm and humid air.)

south (noun [m]: southern exposure) ●

• Nous avons choisi cet appartement pour son exposition plein sud. (We chose this apartment for its southern exposure.)

Southern Hemisphere (noun [m]: southern half of the Earth) ●

• L’Australie fait partie du Sud. (Australia is part of the Southern Hemisphere.)

South, Global South (noun [m]: developing countries) ●

• Les pays du Sud demandent une aide économique accrue. (Countries of the Global South are requesting increased economic aid.)

efficace [efikɑs]

effective, efficacious (adjective: producing the desired effect) ●

• Ce nouveau médicament est très efficace contre la migraine. (This new medicine is very effective against migraines.)

efficient (adjective: working well and productively) ●

• Notre équipe est efficace et termine toujours les projets à temps. (Our team is efficient and always finishes projects on time.)

intéressant [ɛ̃teʁesɑ̃]

interesting, of interest (adjective: captivating or engaging) ●

• Ce documentaire sur l’histoire romaine était vraiment intéressant. (This documentary about Roman history was really interesting.)

attractive, interesting (adjective: advantageous or favorable) ●

• Le vendeur m’a proposé une offre intéressante pour cette voiture. (The salesman offered me an attractive deal on this car.)

show-off (noun [m]: someone who seeks attention) ●

• Arrête de faire l’intéressant et écoute les autres ! (Stop being a show-off and listen to others!)

île [il]

island, isle (noun [f]: land surrounded by water) ●

• La Corse est une île magnifique située en Méditerranée. (Corsica is a magnificent island located in the Mediterranean.)

cité [site]

city (noun [f]: urban area) ●

• La cité médiévale de Carcassonne attire des milliers de touristes. (The medieval city of Carcassonne attracts thousands of tourists.)

society (noun [f]: community of people) ●

• Chaque citoyen doit contribuer au bien-être de la cité. (Every citizen must contribute to the well-being of society.)

estate, ghetto, council estate, projects (noun [f]: cluster of buildings) ●

• Cette cité de banlieue compte plus de cinq mille habitants. (This housing estate has more than five thousand residents.)

city-state (noun [f]: autonomous city in antiquity) ●

• Athènes était une cité grecque puissante dans l’Antiquité. (Athens was a powerful Greek city-state in antiquity.)

problem estate, problem housing estate, ghetto, sink estate, inner city, wrong side of the tracks (noun [f]: disadvantaged neighborhood) ●

• Le maire a promis d’améliorer les infrastructures dans les cités. (The mayor promised to improve the infrastructure in the problem estates.)

carrière [kaʁjɛʁ]

career, profession (noun [f]: one’s occupation) ●

• Elle a choisi une carrière dans la médecine pour aider les autres. (She chose a career in medicine to help others.)

career (noun [f]: entire professional life) ●

• Il a consacré toute sa carrière à la recherche scientifique. (He devoted his entire career to scientific research.)

quarry (noun [f]: site for extracting stone) ●

• Les ouvriers travaillent dans la carrière de marbre depuis vingt ans. (The workers have been working in the marble quarry for twenty years.)

school, outdoor school, manege, training ring, riding arena (noun [f]: training area for horses) ●

• Les cavaliers entraînent leurs chevaux dans la carrière tous les matins. (The riders train their horses in the riding arena every morning.)

voter [vɔte]

vote (intransitive verb: choose a candidate) ●

• Les citoyens votent pour élire leur nouveau président. (Citizens vote to elect their new president.)

vote for, vote against (intransitive verb: express opinion on an issue) ●

• Le député a voté contre cette nouvelle réforme fiscale. (The MP voted against this new tax reform.)

vote in, approve, pass (transitive verb: approve a law) ●

• L’assemblée a voté cette loi à la majorité absolue. (The assembly passed this law by an absolute majority.)

traité [tʁɛte]

treaty, agreement, pact (noun [m]: formal accord between nations) ●

• Les deux nations ont signé un traité de coopération économique. (The two nations signed a treaty for economic cooperation.)

tract, treatise, draft, bill (noun [m]: book on a subject) ●

• Le professeur nous a recommandé un traité de physique quantique. (The professor recommended a treatise on quantum physics to us.)

libération [libeʁasjɔ̃]

release (noun [f]: end of captivity) ●

• Après dix ans d’incarcération, sa libération a été une joie immense pour toute la famille. (After ten years of incarceration, his release was an immense joy for the whole family.)

liberation, freedom, emancipation (noun [f]: social) ●

• Le mouvement de libération des femmes a changé la société moderne. (The women’s liberation movement changed modern society.)

release (noun [f]: end of constraint) ●

• Pour lui, la retraite a représenté une véritable libération. (For him, retirement represented a real release.)

Liberation, Liberation of Paris (noun [f]: historical) ●

• Mon grand-père se souvenait encore des célébrations de la Libération. (My grandfather still remembered the Liberation celebrations.)

deregulation (noun [f]: economic) ●

• La libération des prix a été votée par le parlement. (Price deregulation was voted on by parliament.)

Libération (noun [m]: French newspaper) ●

• J’achète Libération tous les matins au kiosque. (I buy Libération every morning at the newsstand.)

nourrir [nuʁiʁ]

feed (transitive verb: give food to) ●

• Elle nourrit son bébé toutes les trois heures. (She feeds her baby every three hours.)

eat, feed yourself (reflexive verb: consume food) ●

• Les enfants doivent se nourrir correctement pour grandir. (Children must eat properly to grow.)

feed, nourish (transitive verb: supply group with food) ●

• Le restaurant doit nourrir deux cents personnes ce soir. (The restaurant must feed two hundred people tonight.)

provide for (transitive verb: support financially) ●

• Il travaille dur pour nourrir sa famille nombreuse. (He works hard to provide for his large family.)

feed, nourish (transitive verb: figurative education) ●

• Les voyages nourrissent l’imagination des écrivains. (Travel nourishes writers’ imaginations.)

eat (reflexive verb: consume specific food) ●

• Les pandas se nourrissent principalement de bambou. (Pandas eat mainly bamboo.)

sérieusement [seʁjøzmɑ̃]

seriously (adverb: not joking) ●

• Tu parles sérieusement ou tu plaisantes ? (Are you speaking seriously or are you joking?)

seriously (adverb: strongly) ●

• La nouvelle de l’accident l’a sérieusement affecté. (The news of the accident seriously affected him.)

diligently, assiduously, painstakingly (adverb: carefully) ●

• Elle travaille sérieusement pour obtenir son diplôme. (She works diligently to obtain her degree.)

seriously, really (adverb: truly) ●

• Sérieusement, je ne savais pas que c’était interdit. (Seriously, I didn’t know it was forbidden.)

bras [bʁɑ]

arm (noun [m]: upper limb) ●

• Elle portait son enfant dans ses bras. (She was carrying her child in her arms.)

arm, armrest (noun [m]: chair support) ●

• Les bras de ce fauteuil sont très confortables. (The arms of this armchair are very comfortable.)

arm (noun [m]: mechanical limb) ●

• Le bras robotique assemble les pièces avec précision. (The robotic arm assembles the parts with precision.)

immédiat [imedjat]

immediate, instant, instantaneous (adjective: instantaneous) ●

• Le soulagement a été immédiat après avoir pris le médicament. (The relief was immediate after taking the medicine.)

immediate, close, closest (adjective: without intermediary) ●

• Seule sa famille immédiate était invitée à la cérémonie. (Only his immediate family was invited to the ceremony.)

for the time being (noun [m]: present moment) ●

• Dans l’immédiat, il faut se concentrer sur cette tâche urgente. (For the time being, we must focus on this urgent task.)

exceptionnel [ɛksɛpsjɔnɛl]

exceptional, remarkable, extraordinary, outstanding (adjective: uncommon) ●

• Ce musicien possède un talent exceptionnel. (This musician has exceptional talent.)

exceptional, rare (adjective: very infrequent) ●

• Les accidents sont exceptionnels sur cette route bien entretenue. (Accidents are rare on this well-maintained road.)

rare, out of the ordinary (adjective: relating to exception) ●

• Des mesures exceptionnelles ont été prises face à la crise. (Rare measures were taken in response to the crisis.)

rechercher [ʁəʃɛʁʃe]

look for, search for, seek, hunt (transitive verb: attempt to find) ●

• Les sauveteurs recherchent les disparus depuis trois jours. (The rescuers have been looking for the missing people for three days.)

look for, try to find, seek (transitive verb: obtain help) ●

• Nous recherchons un expert en informatique pour notre projet. (We are looking for a computer expert for our project.)

look for, try to find, seek (transitive verb: search for solution) ●

• Les scientifiques recherchent un remède contre cette maladie. (Scientists are looking for a cure for this disease.)

look for, search for, try to find (transitive verb: seek to know) ●

• L’historien recherche les origines de cette tradition. (The historian is searching for the origins of this tradition.)

collect (transitive verb: retrieve) ●

• Je vais rechercher mes documents au secrétariat demain. (I’m going to collect my documents from the office tomorrow.)

palestinien [palɛstinjɛ̃]

Palestinian (adjective: relating to Palestine) ●

• Le territoire palestinien est l’objet de nombreux conflits. (Palestinian territory is the subject of numerous conflicts.)

Palestinian (noun [m/f]: inhabitant of Palestine) ●

• De nombreux Palestiniens vivent en exil depuis des décennies. (Many Palestinians have been living in exile for decades.)

lendemain [lɑ̃dmɛ̃]

the next day, the day after, the following day (noun [m]: day after) ●

• Nous sommes partis lundi et sommes arrivés le lendemain à midi. (We left on Monday and arrived the next day at noon.)

the day after (noun [m]: day following something) ●

• Le lendemain de son anniversaire, elle a ouvert tous ses cadeaux. (The day after her birthday, she opened all her presents.)

tomorrow, future (noun [m]: figurative future) ●

• Il vit au jour le jour sans penser au lendemain. (He lives day to day without thinking about tomorrow.)

producteur [pʁɔdyktœʁ]

producer, generator (noun [m/f]: who produces goods) ●

• La France est un grand producteur de fromages. (France is a major cheese producer.)

producer (noun [m/f]: film financier) ●

• Le producteur a investi des millions dans ce film. (The producer invested millions in this film.)

production, productive (adjective: that produces) ●

• Les régions productrices de vin attirent de nombreux touristes. (Wine-producing regions attract many tourists.)

garantir [ɡaʁɑ̃tiʁ]

guarantee (transitive verb: certify quality or function) ●

• Le fabricant garantit ses produits pendant deux ans. (The manufacturer guarantees its products for two years.)

assure, guarantee (transitive verb: give personal assurance) ●

• Je vous garantis que nous tiendrons nos engagements. (I assure you that we will keep our commitments.)

safeguard, protect (transitive verb: ensure protection) ●

• Ce système de sécurité garantit la protection de vos données. (This security system safeguards the protection of your data.)

guarantee, underwrite (transitive verb: protect rights or freedoms) ●

• Cette loi garantit l’égalité devant la justice. (This law guarantees equality before the law.)

guarantee, secure (transitive verb: provide collateral) ●

• La banque exige que mes parents garantissent l’emprunt. (The bank requires my parents to guarantee the loan.)

serve as security for [sth], serve as a guarantee for [sth] (transitive verb: provide collateral) ●

• Mon père garantit mon prêt étudiant avec sa maison. (My father is serving as security for my student loan with his house.)

insure [sb] against [sth], guarantee [sb] against [sth], protect [sb] against [sth] (transitive verb: protect someone against something) ●

• Cette assurance me garantit contre les accidents de travail. (This insurance protects me against workplace accidents.)

geste [ʒɛst]

gesture, movement (noun [m]: body movement) ●

• Elle a fait un geste de la main pour nous appeler. (She made a gesture with her hand to call us over.)

gesture, act (noun [m]: symbolic or significant action) ●

• Offrir des fleurs est un geste d’amitié. (Offering flowers is a gesture of friendship.)

roman [ʁɔmɑ̃]

novel (noun [m]: literary work) ●

• J’ai lu un roman passionnant pendant les vacances. (I read a fascinating novel during the holidays.)

novel, novels (noun [m]: literary genre) ●

• Cet auteur se spécialise dans le roman historique. (This author specializes in historical novels.)

Romanesque art, Romanesque style, Romanesque architecture, Norman architecture (noun [m]: medieval art style) ●

• Cette basilique est un exemple magnifique du roman français. (This basilica is a magnificent example of French Romanesque art.)

Romanesque (adjective: relating to medieval Western art) ●

• L’abbaye possède une façade romane impressionnante. (The abbey has an impressive Romanesque facade.)

Romance (adjective: derived from popular Latin) ●

• L’italien est une langue romane comme le français. (Italian is a Romance language like French.)

augmentation [oɡmɑ̃tasjɔ̃]

increase, rise (noun [f]: growth or enlargement) ●

• L’augmentation des prix de l’énergie inquiète les consommateurs. (The increase in energy prices worries consumers.)

pay increase, pay rise, raise (noun [f]: salary increase) ●

• Mon collègue a demandé une augmentation à son patron. (My colleague asked his boss for a pay raise.)

facteur [faktœʁ]

postman, postwoman, mailman, mailwoman, postie (noun [m/f]: mail carrier) ●

• Le facteur distribue le courrier chaque matin avant dix heures. (The postman delivers the mail every morning before ten o’clock.)

factor (noun [m]: contributing cause) ●

• La pollution est un facteur important dans le réchauffement climatique. (Pollution is an important factor in global warming.)

factor (noun [m]: mathematical multiplier) ●

• Le prix a augmenté d’un facteur de deux. (The price increased by a factor of two.)

policier [pɔlisje]

police officer, law enforcement officer, policeman, policewoman, police (noun [m/f]: law enforcement official) ●

• Les policiers ont établi un barrage routier sur l’autoroute. (The police officers set up a roadblock on the highway.)

police, police-related (adjective: relating to police) ●

• L’enquête policière a duré plusieurs mois. (The police investigation lasted several months.)

detective, crime (adjective: relating to crime fiction) ●

• Ma grand-mère adore les séries policières à la télévision. (My grandmother loves detective series on television.)

detective novel, crime novel, murder mystery, whodunnit, whodunit (noun [m]: crime fiction book) ●

• J’emporte toujours un policier quand je pars en vacances. (I always take a detective novel when I go on vacation.)

detective film, crime film, detective movie, crime movie, whodunnit, whodunit (noun [m]: crime fiction movie) ●

• Nous avons regardé un excellent policier hier soir. (We watched an excellent detective film last night.)

échelle [eʃɛl]

ladder (noun [f]: climbing device) ●

• Il monte sur l’échelle pour nettoyer les gouttières. (He climbs the ladder to clean the gutters.)

scale (noun [f]: system of measurement or proportion) ●

• Cette carte est à l’échelle de un pour cent mille. (This map is on a scale of one to one hundred thousand.)

scale, ladder (noun [f]: hierarchical system) ●

• Elle a gravi tous les échelons de l’échelle sociale. (She climbed all the rungs of the social ladder.)

supplémentaire [syplementɛʁ]

extra, additional, supplementary (adjective: added or in addition) ●

• Nous avons besoin de deux chaises supplémentaires pour le dîner. (We need two extra chairs for dinner.)

pratiquer [pʁatike]

do, play, go (transitive verb: engage in sport or activity) ●

• Mon fils pratique le basketball depuis cinq ans. (My son has been playing basketball for five years.)

use (transitive verb: employ or utilize) ●

• Ce comédien pratique un humour très subtil. (This comedian uses very subtle humor.)

apply, implement (transitive verb: put into effect) ●

• Ce restaurant pratique des tarifs raisonnables. (This restaurant applies reasonable prices.)

know, speak (transitive verb: have language ability) ●

• Elle pratique couramment trois langues étrangères. (She speaks three foreign languages fluently.)

practise, practice (transitive verb: observe religious rules) ●

• Il ne pratique plus sa religion depuis longtemps. (He hasn’t practiced his religion for a long time.)

make, open, open up (transitive verb: create an opening) ●

• Les sapeurs ont pratiqué une ouverture dans le mur. (The sappers made an opening in the wall.)

know (transitive verb: be acquainted with someone) ●

• Je le pratique depuis des années et je le connais bien. (I’ve known him for years and I know him well.)

pensée [pɑ̃se]

thought (noun [f]: capacity to think) ●

• La pensée distingue l’homme des autres animaux. (Thought distinguishes humans from other animals.)

thought, idea, notion (noun [f]: mental conception) ●

• Cette musique évoque en moi des pensées joyeuses. (This music evokes joyful thoughts in me.)

thought, opinion, idea (noun [f]: reflection or viewpoint) ●

• Le philosophe a partagé ses pensées sur la société moderne. (The philosopher shared his thoughts on modern society.)

mind (noun [f]: intellectual faculty) ●

• Son travail exige une pensée analytique très développée. (His work requires a highly developed analytical mind.)

thought, reflection (noun [f]: moment of remembrance) ●

• J’ai une pensée émue pour mon grand-père disparu. (I have an emotional thought for my late grandfather.)

extrême [ɛkstʁɛm]

extreme, intense, the utmost (adjective: very great in degree) ●

• Elle a montré une patience extrême pendant toute la procédure. (She showed extreme patience throughout the procedure.)

far, furthest, farthest, most distant, extreme (adjective: at the outermost position) ●

• Le village se trouve à l’extrême limite de la forêt. (The village is located at the farthest edge of the forest.)

extreme (noun [m]: opposite end of a spectrum) ●

• Il faut éviter de passer d’un extrême à l’autre dans ses décisions. (You must avoid going from one extreme to the other in your decisions.)

extremist, extreme (adjective: radical or immoderate) ●

• Ce parti politique défend des positions extrêmes sur l’immigration. (This political party defends extreme positions on immigration.)

extremist (noun [m]: extremist political party member) ●

• Les extrêmes ont gagné du terrain lors des dernières élections. (The extremists gained ground in the last elections.)

néanmoins [neɑ̃mwɛ̃]

nevertheless, nonetheless, however (adverb: in spite of that) ●

• La situation est difficile, néanmoins nous devons continuer. (The situation is difficult; nevertheless, we must continue.)

bénéficier [benefisje]

get, benefit from (transitive verb: obtain the advantage of something) ●

• Les étudiants bénéficient d’une réduction de 20% sur les billets de train. (Students get a 20% discount on train tickets.)

receive, get, enjoy (transitive verb: possess or have access to) ●

• Elle bénéficie d’une excellente assurance maladie grâce à son emploi. (She receives excellent health insurance thanks to her job.)

benefit, help (transitive verb: be advantageous for someone) ●

• Cette nouvelle réglementation bénéficiera aux petites entreprises. (This new regulation will benefit small businesses.)

vingt [vɛ̃]

twenty (adjective: the number 20) ●

• Il reste vingt places disponibles pour le concert de demain. (There are twenty seats available for tomorrow’s concert.)

twenty (noun [m]: the number 20) ●

• Ma fille apprend à compter jusqu’à vingt à l’école maternelle. (My daughter is learning to count to twenty at nursery school.)

twenty (noun [m]: route or line number 20) ●

• Pour aller au musée, prenez le bus vingt. (To get to the museum, take bus twenty.)

twentieth (noun [m]: the twentieth day of the month) ●

• Mon anniversaire tombe le vingt mai cette année. (My birthday falls on the twentieth of May this year.)

revoir [ʁəvwaʁ]

see again (transitive verb: see someone again) ●

• J’espère revoir mes anciens camarades de classe à la réunion. (I hope to see my old classmates again at the reunion.)

see again (transitive verb: see something again) ●

• Nous avons décidé de revoir ce film ensemble ce soir. (We decided to see this film again together tonight.)

see each other again (reflexive verb: meet someone again) ●

• Nous nous sommes promis de nous revoir avant la fin de l’année. (We promised to see each other again before the end of the year.)

review, go over again, go back over (transitive verb: check or verify something) ●

• Il faut absolument revoir les chiffres avant de présenter le rapport. (We absolutely must review the figures before presenting the report.)

revise, review (transitive verb: study something again) ●

• Les élèves doivent revoir tous les chapitres pour l’examen final. (The students must revise all the chapters for the final exam.)

see yourself, be reminded of, be reminded of yourself (reflexive verb: remember yourself in a past situation) ●

• En regardant ce jeune apprenti, le chef cuisinier se revoit à ses débuts. (Looking at this young apprentice, the head chef is reminded of himself when he started out.)

perspective [pɛʁspɛktiv]

view, perspective, viewpoint, outlook (noun [f]: vista or outlook on a place) ●

• Depuis le sommet de la colline, on a une magnifique perspective sur toute la vallée. (From the top of the hill, we have a magnificent view over the whole valley.)

prospect, possibility (noun [f]: eventuality or future possibility) ●

• La perspective d’un voyage en Asie nous remplit d’enthousiasme. (The prospect of a trip to Asia fills us with enthusiasm.)

perspective (noun [f]: representation of volume in drawing) ●

• L’étudiant en architecture doit maîtriser les techniques de perspective. (The architecture student must master perspective techniques.)

perspective (noun [f]: wide straight thoroughfare) ●

• Cette longue perspective bordée d’arbres mène jusqu’au château. (This long tree-lined perspective leads all the way to the castle.)

défaut [defo]

fault, flaw, failing, shortcoming, vice (noun [m]: moral weakness) ●

• Son plus grand défaut est son impatience avec les autres. (His biggest fault is his impatience with others.)

fault, defect, problem (noun [m]: malfunction or issue) ●

• Le technicien a détecté un défaut dans le système de chauffage. (The technician detected a fault in the heating system.)

mistake, error, fault, imperfection, shortcoming (noun [m]: failure to follow rules) ●

• Le correcteur a relevé plusieurs défauts dans la rédaction de l’élève. (The marker noted several mistakes in the student’s essay.)

defect, impairment, flaw (noun [m]: physical imperfection) ●

• Depuis l’accident, elle souffre d’un défaut d’audition à l’oreille droite. (Since the accident, she has had a hearing impairment in her right ear.)

lack, deficit (noun [m]: absence or shortage) ●

• Le projet a échoué par défaut de financement adéquat. (The project failed due to a lack of adequate funding.)

précieux [pʁesjø]

precious (adjective: of great value) ●

• Elle porte un collier orné de pierres précieuses. (She is wearing a necklace adorned with precious stones.)

valued, precious, prized, invaluable (adjective: very important) ●

• Vos conseils ont été précieux pour la réussite de notre projet. (Your advice was invaluable for the success of our project.)

affected, precious, foppish (adjective: excessively refined) ●

• Son style d’écriture est trop précieux et manque de naturel. (His writing style is too affected and lacks naturalness.)

fop, poseur (noun [m/f]: person with affected manners) ●

• Les précieux du XVIIe siècle se réunissaient dans les salons littéraires. (The fops of the 17th century gathered in literary salons.)

retard [ʁətaʁ]

lateness, delay, late (noun [m]: fact of arriving too late) ●

• Son retard répété aux réunions agace le directeur. (His repeated lateness for meetings annoys the director.)

gap, be behind (noun [m]: distance between competitors) ●

• Le coureur français a un retard de deux minutes sur le leader. (The French runner has a two-minute gap on the leader.)

lose time, run slow (noun [m]: clock not advancing fast enough) ●

• Cette montre prend toujours du retard, il faut la faire réparer. (This watch always loses time; it needs to be repaired.)

backwardness, retardedness (noun [m]: underdevelopment) ●

• Le médecin a constaté un léger retard de développement chez l’enfant. (The doctor noted a slight developmental delay in the child.)

démocratie [de.mɔ.kʁa.si]

democracy (noun [f]: political system) ●

• La démocratie permet à chaque citoyen de participer aux décisions politiques importantes. (Democracy allows every citizen to participate in important political decisions.)

democracy (noun [f]: state with this system) ●

• Notre pays est devenu une démocratie après la révolution pacifique. (Our country became a democracy after the peaceful revolution.)

renforcer [ʁɑ̃.fɔʁ.se]

strengthen, reinforce (verb: make stronger) ●

• Ces exercices réguliers permettent de renforcer les muscles du dos efficacement. (These regular exercises help strengthen back muscles effectively.)

increase, boost (verb: augment) ●

• Cette nouvelle mesure devrait renforcer la sécurité dans les écoles publiques. (This new measure should increase security in public schools.)

reinforce (verb: provide reinforcement) ●

• Le commandant a décidé de renforcer les positions avant l’aube. (The commander decided to reinforce the positions before dawn.)

silence [si.lɑ̃s]

silence (noun [m]: absence of noise) ●

• Le silence complet de la forêt nocturne impressionnait les randonneurs fatigués. (The complete silence of the forest at night impressed the tired hikers.)

silence (noun [m]: absence of speech) ●

• Après ma question embarrassante, un long silence gêné s’est installé. (After my embarrassing question, a long awkward silence set in.)

silence (noun [m]: secrecy, discretion) ●

• Les témoins ont préféré garder le silence malgré les interrogatoires répétés. (The witnesses preferred to keep silent despite repeated questioning.)

troupe [tʁup]

troops (noun [f]: soldiers, military) ●

• Il est dans l’armée, il fait partie de la troupe. (He is in the army; he is in the troops.)

troupe, company (noun [f]: group of performers) ●

• La troupe du Moulin Rouge se déplace en province. (The Moulin Rouge troupe travels to the provinces.)

herd, flock, group, troop (noun [f]: people moving together) ●

• Regardez cette troupe de touristes au pied de la Tour Eiffel ! (Look at that herd of tourists at the foot of the Eiffel Tower!)

qualifier [ka.li.fje]

qualify (verb: Sports, reach next round) ●

• Leur victoire les a qualifiés pour la finale. (Their victory has qualified them for the final.)

call [sb] [sth], brand [sb] [sth], describe [sb] as [sth] (verb: treat as) ●

• Notre client nous a qualifiés d’incompétents alors que nous avions fait du bon travail. (Our customer called us incompetent, even though we had done good work.)

consider [sth] [sth], consider [sth] to be [sth], be of the opinion that [sth] is [sth] (verb: designate, name) ●

• Le journaliste a qualifié les propos du ministre de sectaires. (The journalist considered the minister’s words sectarian.)

describe yourself as [sth], call yourself [sth] (verb: se qualifier, designate oneself) ●

• Le philosophe se qualifiait d’électron libre. (The philosopher described himself as a free spirit.)

qualify, modify (verb: Grammar) ●

• L’adjectif qualifie le nom. (Adjectives qualify nouns.)

absolu [ap.sɔ.ly]

absolute, total, complete (adjective: total) ●

• Jean a une confiance absolue en sa grand-mère. (John has total trust in his grandmother.)

absolute (adjective: without limitation) ●

• Louis XIV fut un monarque absolu. (Louis XIV was an absolute monarch.)

absolute (noun [m]: that which exists) ●

• L’absolu est un concept désignant un être qui ne dépend d’aucun autre. (The absolute is a concept describing something that exists independently of everything else.)

the absolute, perfection (noun [m]: philosophy, supreme value, perfection, ideal) ●

• Il fait une retraite dans un monastère pour apaiser sa soif d’absolu. (He is on a retreat in a monastery to satisfy his thirst for the absolute.)

dégager [de.ɡa.ʒe]

clear (verb: make free, unclutter) ●

• Il faut dégager l’entrée du salon pour passer ce buffet. (We need to clear the doorway to the living room to get this sideboard through.)

give [sth] off, release, emit (verb: spread an odor) ●

• Le chèvrefeuille dégage une odeur très agréable. (Honeysuckle gives off a very pleasant smell.)

pull [sth/sb] out, get [sth/sb] out, remove, extract (verb: withdraw) ●

• J’ai réussi à dégager mon pied du piège à loups. (I managed to get my foot out of the steel-jaw trap.)

clear, unblock (verb: make available) ●

• Il n’est pas facile de dégager des crédits en temps de crise. (It isn’t easy to unblock loans in a period of financial crisis.)

draw, bring [sth] out (verb: make stand out) ●

• Quelle est la problématique que nous pouvons dégager ici ? (What are the issues we can draw from this?)

clear (verb: profit, generate) ●

• Pour la première année, l’entreprise dégage enfin des bénéfices. (For the first year, the business is finally clearing a profit.)

extricate (verb: leave visible) ●

• Vous pouvez me dégager les oreilles et raccourcir ma frange, s’il vous plait ? (Could you cut it short around the ears and give my bangs a trim, please?)

unblock, decongest, clear (verb: Medicine, liberate) ●

• Ce médicament vise à dégager les bronches. (This remedy aims to unblock the bronchial tubes.)

absolve, exempt, excuse, free (verb: liberate from constraint) ●

• Ce papier le dégage de toute responsabilité. (This document absolves him of all responsibility.)

clear off (verb: slang, leave) ●

• Dégage, tu me gênes ! (Clear off, you are in the way!)

stratégie [stʁa.te.ʒi]

strategy, plan (noun [f]: plan, procedure) ●

• Quelle est votre stratégie pour gagner ? (What’s your strategy for winning?)

strategy (noun [f]: Military, coordination) ●

• La stratégie de la guerre est un art. (The strategy of war is an art.)

bateau [ba.to]

boat (noun [m]: watercraft) ●

• Le bateau glissait silencieusement sur les eaux calmes du lac. (The boat glided silently over the calm waters of the lake.)

ship (noun [m]: large vessel) ●

• Ce grand bateau peut transporter plusieurs milliers de passagers confortablement. (This large ship can transport several thousand passengers comfortably.)

printemps [pʁɛ̃.tɑ̃]

spring, springtime (noun [m]: season of renewal) ●

• Dans l’hémisphère nord, le printemps s’étend de mars à juin. (In the northern hemisphere, spring lasts from March until June.)

summer (noun [m]: figurative, year of age) ●

• Elle fête ses quatre-vingt printemps. (She’s celebrating her 80 summers.)

springtime (noun [m]: literary, youth) ●

• Elle en était au printemps de sa vie. (She was in the springtime of her life.)

course [kuʁs]

running (noun [f]: action of running) ●

• La course matinale m’aide à me réveiller avant le travail. (My morning running helps me wake up before work.)

race (noun [f]: competition of speed) ●

• Les athlètes se préparent depuis des mois pour cette course importante. (The athletes have been preparing for months for this important race.)

shopping, food shopping, grocery shopping (noun [f] pl: provisioning) ●

• Elle fait les courses tous les samedis au supermarché du quartier. (She does the shopping every Saturday at the neighborhood supermarket.)

race, rush (noun [f]: being in a hurry) ●

• C’est toujours la course le matin pour amener les enfants à l’école. (It’s always a rush in the morning to get the kids to school.)

errand (noun [f]: commission) ●

• J’ai trois courses à faire en ville cet après-midi. (I have three errands to run in town this afternoon.)

fare (noun [f]: taxi journey) ●

• Le chauffeur a refusé la course car la destination était trop proche. (The driver refused the fare because the destination was too close.)

horse racing, races, horse races (noun [f] pl: horse competitions) ●

• Les courses hippiques attirent beaucoup de spectateurs chaque dimanche. (The horse races attract many spectators every Sunday.)

stroke (noun [f]: defined trajectory of an object) ●

• L’ingénieur a mesuré la course du piston pour vérifier son fonctionnement. (The engineer measured the stroke of the piston to check its operation.)

course (noun [f]: trajectory of an object) ●

• Le pilote a modifié la course de l’avion pour éviter la tempête. (The pilot adjusted the course of the plane to avoid the storm.)

[sth] race, race for [sth] (noun [f]: frenzy) ●

• La course à la technologie pousse les entreprises à innover sans cesse. (The technology race pushes companies to innovate constantly.)

exercice [ɛɡzɛʁsis]

exercise (noun [m]: physical activity) ●

• Mon médecin m’a conseillé de faire de l’exercice régulièrement. (My doctor advised me to do exercise regularly.)

exercise, drill (noun [m]: work for learning) ●

• Les étudiants doivent compléter dix exercices de grammaire pour demain. (The students must complete ten grammar exercises for tomorrow.)

exercise, exercising, exertion, wielding (noun [m]: practice of something) ●

• L’exercice du métier de médecin demande beaucoup de responsabilité. (The exercise of the medical profession requires a lot of responsibility.)

financial year, financial period, fiscal year (noun [m]: accounting year) ●

• L’entreprise clôture son exercice comptable le 31 décembre. (The company closes its financial year on December 31.)

fondamental [fɔ̃damɑ̃tal]

crucial, essential, fundamental (adjective: very important) ●

• La confiance est fondamentale dans toute relation professionnelle. (Trust is crucial in any professional relationship.)

basic, elemental, elementary (adjective: primary) ●

• L’addition et la soustraction sont des opérations fondamentales en mathématiques. (Addition and subtraction are basic operations in mathematics.)

basics, fundamentals (noun [m]: bases) ●

• Il faut toujours maîtriser les fondamentaux avant de passer aux techniques avancées. (You must always master the basics before moving on to advanced techniques.)

pure (adjective: theoretical) ●

• Les chercheurs mènent des études en recherche fondamentale sans application immédiate. (Researchers conduct studies in pure research without immediate application.)

visage [vizaʒ]

face (noun [m]: human face) ●

• Elle a lavé son visage avec de l’eau froide pour se réveiller. (She washed her face with cold water to wake up.)

face (noun [m]: expression of the head) ●

• Son visage rayonnait de bonheur quand elle a appris la nouvelle. (Her face beamed with happiness when she learned the news.)

face (noun [m]: person) ●

• Je reconnais quelques visages familiers dans cette foule immense. (I recognize a few familiar faces in this huge crowd.)

droite [dʁwat]

right (noun [f]: side) ●

• Tournez à droite au prochain feu rouge pour arriver à destination. (Turn right at the next red light to reach your destination.)

right (noun [f]: side of traffic) ●

• Dans notre pays, on roule à droite comme en France. (In our country, we drive on the right like in France.)

right, right wing (noun [f]: conservative political camp) ●

• La droite a remporté les élections législatives cette année. (The right won the parliamentary elections this year.)

straight line (noun [f]: line with one dimension) ●

• Le professeur a tracé une droite parfaite sur le tableau noir. (The teacher drew a perfect straight line on the blackboard.)

perpendicular, plumb (noun [f]: image of a plumb line) ●

• Le maçon utilise une droite pour vérifier que le mur est vertical. (The mason uses a plumb to check that the wall is vertical.)

right (noun [f]: right punch in boxing) ●

• Le champion a mis son adversaire K.O. avec une droite puissante. (The champion knocked out his opponent with a powerful right.)

machine [maʃin]

machine (noun [f]: mechanical device) ●

• Cette machine industrielle peut produire mille pièces par heure. (This industrial machine can produce a thousand parts per hour.)

village [vilaʒ]

village (noun [m]: small town) ●

• Mes grands-parents vivent dans un petit village tranquille à la campagne. (My grandparents live in a small quiet village in the countryside.)

britannique [bʁitanik]

British (adjective: from Great Britain) ●

• Le système politique britannique est une monarchie constitutionnelle. (The British political system is a constitutional monarchy.)

British person, British man, British woman, Brit, the British (noun [m/f]: from Great Britain) ●

• Ce Britannique habite en France depuis vingt ans mais garde son accent. (This British man has lived in France for twenty years but keeps his accent.)

surveiller [syʁveje]

watch, keep a close watch on, keep an eye on (transitive verb: to watch with care) ●

• La baby-sitter surveille attentivement les enfants pendant que les parents sont sortis. (The babysitter is carefully watching the children while the parents are out.)

supervise, oversee, monitor, watch over (transitive verb: to supervise) ●

• Le directeur surveille l’avancement du projet chaque semaine. (The director supervises the progress of the project every week.)

survey, watch, follow, monitor, keep a close eye on, keep under surveillance (transitive verb: to spy on) ●

• Les agents secrets surveillent les mouvements suspects dans le quartier. (The secret agents are watching suspicious movements in the neighborhood.)

watch your figure, watch your weight (reflexive verb: to watch one’s weight) ●

• Elle se surveille depuis janvier pour perdre quelques kilos avant l’été. (She’s been watching her weight since January to lose a few kilos before summer.)

watch yourself, check yourself (reflexive verb: to watch what you say or do) ●

• Il doit se surveiller pour ne pas révéler le secret par accident. (He must watch himself so as not to reveal the secret by accident.)

édition [edisjɔ̃]

publishing (noun [f]: profession) ●

• Elle a commencé sa carrière dans l’édition comme correctrice de manuscrits. (She started her career in publishing as a manuscript proofreader.)

edition (noun [f]: copy) ●

• Je cherche l’édition originale de ce dictionnaire pour ma collection. (I’m looking for the original edition of this dictionary for my collection.)

edition (noun [f]: totality of copies) ●

• L’édition limitée de ce roman s’est vendue en quelques jours seulement. (The limited edition of this novel sold out in just a few days.)

occasion, time, year, edition (noun [f]: of an event) ●

• La cinquième édition du festival de jazz aura lieu en juillet prochain. (The fifth edition of the jazz festival will take place next July.)

edition, news edition, edition of the news (noun [f]: television news program) ●

• L’édition du journal télévisé de ce soir présentera un reportage spécial. (Tonight’s edition of the news will feature a special report.)

publication or reproduction (noun [f]: reproduction or publication) ●

• L’édition de ce manuscrit ancien nécessite des autorisations spéciales. (The publication or reproduction of this ancient manuscript requires special permissions.)

editing, reverse engineering (noun [f]: computer modification) ●

• L’édition de fichiers système peut endommager votre ordinateur. (The editing of system files can damage your computer.)

organisme [ɔʀɡanism]

organism (noun [m]: living being, animal or plant) ●

• Les bactéries sont des organismes microscopiques présents partout dans notre environnement. (Bacteria are microscopic organisms present everywhere in our environment.)

body, organization, organisation (noun [m]: society or institution) ●

• Cet organisme international coordonne les efforts humanitaires dans la région. (This international body coordinates humanitarian efforts in the region.)

organism, system (noun [m]: body as a living being) ●

• Le stress peut avoir des effets néfastes sur l’organisme humain. (Stress can have harmful effects on the human organism.)

leçon [ləsɔ̃]

lesson, class (noun [f]: course or instruction) ●

• La leçon de piano dure une heure chaque semaine. (The piano lesson lasts one hour each week.)

lesson (noun [f]: warning or moral teaching) ●

• Cet échec lui a servi de leçon pour l’avenir. (This failure served as a lesson for the future.)

accomplir [akɔ̃pliʀ]

fulfil, fulfill, complete, accomplish, carry out (transitive verb: complete or finish something) ●

• Elle a accompli toutes les tâches demandées avant la fin de la journée. (She accomplished all the requested tasks before the end of the day.)

carry out, execute, accomplish (transitive verb: realize or carry through) ●

• Le notaire doit accomplir les formalités nécessaires pour finaliser la vente. (The notary must carry out the necessary formalities to finalize the sale.)

be fulfilled (reflexive verb: feel satisfied or fulfilled) ●

• Depuis qu’elle enseigne aux enfants, elle s’accomplit vraiment dans son métier. (Since she started teaching children, she has really been fulfilled in her profession.)

come to pass, come about, happen (reflexive verb: occur or be realized) ●

• La prophétie s’accomplit exactement comme elle avait été annoncée. (The prophecy came to pass exactly as it had been announced.)

décevoir [desəvwaʀ]

disappoint, be disappointing, let down, feel let down by (transitive verb: fail to meet hopes or expectations) ●

• Le film a déçu tous les spectateurs qui attendaient une suite plus originale. (The film disappointed all the spectators who were expecting a more original sequel.)

bataille [bataj]

battle, combat (noun [f]: military combat) ●

• La bataille de Verdun a duré près de dix mois pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. (The Battle of Verdun lasted nearly ten months during the First World War.)

port [pɔʀ]

port, harbour (noun [m]: natural shelter for boats) ●

• Les pêcheurs rentrent au port avant la tombée de la nuit. (The fishermen return to port before nightfall.)

naissance [nɛsɑ̃s]

birth (noun [f]: coming into the world) ●

• La naissance de leur premier enfant a transformé leur vie du tout au tout. (The birth of their first child completely transformed their lives.)

emergence, appearance, creation, birth (noun [f]: emergence or beginning of something) ●

• Internet a favorisé la naissance de nouveaux modes de communication. (The Internet has fostered the emergence of new modes of communication.)

base (noun [f]: base or root of something) ●

• Elle porte un collier délicat à la naissance du cou. (She wears a delicate necklace at the base of her neck.)

majeur [maʒœʀ]

main, chief, major (adjective: most important or greatest) ●

• La pollution représente un problème majeur pour les grandes villes modernes. (Pollution represents a major problem for large modern cities.)

over the age of majority, over the age of legal majority, adult, of age (adjective: having reached legal adulthood) ●

• Vous devez être majeur pour signer ce contrat sans autorisation parentale. (You must be over the age of majority to sign this contract without parental authorization.)

adult (noun [m/f]: person of legal age) ●

• Les mineurs doivent être accompagnés d’un majeur pour entrer dans ce lieu. (Minors must be accompanied by an adult to enter this place.)

major, serious (adjective: severe or essential) ●

• Un incident majeur a perturbé le trafic ferroviaire pendant plusieurs heures. (A major incident disrupted rail traffic for several hours.)

major (adjective: musical key or chord) ●

• Cette sonate est composée en do majeur. (This sonata is composed in C major.)

middle finger (noun [m]: finger of the hand) ●

• Il s’est coincé le majeur dans la portière de la voiture. (He trapped his middle finger in the car door.)

froid [fʀwa]

cold (adjective: not warm) ●

• L’eau de la piscine est trop froide pour se baigner aujourd’hui. (The pool water is too cold for swimming today.)

cold (noun [m]: low temperature) ●

• Le froid hivernal arrive plus tôt que prévu cette année. (The winter cold is arriving earlier than expected this year.)

cold, aloof, distant (adjective: emotionally distant) ●

• Son accueil froid m’a surpris car elle est d’habitude très chaleureuse. (Her cold reception surprised me because she is usually very warm.)

hôpital [ɔpital]

hospital (noun [m]: medical care facility) ●

• Mon cousin travaille dans un hôpital moderne en banlieue parisienne. (My cousin works in a modern hospital in the Paris suburbs.)

circuit [siʀkɥi]

tour, trip (noun [m]: itinerary) ●

• Nous avons réservé un circuit guidé à travers les châteaux de la Loire. (We booked a guided tour through the Loire Valley castles.)

track, circuit (noun [m]: racing course) ●

• Les pilotes s’entraînent sur ce circuit célèbre depuis des années. (The drivers have been training on this famous track for years.)

path, route, channels (noun [m]: procedure to follow) ●

• Il faut respecter le circuit administratif pour obtenir cette autorisation. (You must follow the official channels to obtain this authorization.)

terrible [tɛʀibl]

terrible, dreadful, awful (adjective: frightening force) ●

• La tempête a provoqué des dégâts terribles dans la région côtière. (The storm caused terrible damage in the coastal region.)

enormous, huge, tremendous, scary, terrifying (adjective: large quantity) ●

• J’ai un travail terrible à accomplir avant la fin du mois. (I have a tremendous amount of work to accomplish before the end of the month.)

degré [d(ə)ɡʀe]

degree, level, grade, step, stage (noun [m]: level) ●

• Le patient a atteint un degré avancé de guérison après six semaines de traitement. (The patient has reached an advanced stage of recovery after six weeks of treatment.)

degree (noun [m]: temperature measurement unit) ●

• La météo annonce une température de 25 degrés pour demain après-midi. (The weather forecast announces a temperature of 25 degrees for tomorrow afternoon.)

degree (noun [m]: point) ●

• Le degré de précision requis pour cette opération est exceptionnellement élevé. (The degree of precision required for this operation is exceptionally high.)

degree (noun [m]: Celsius degree) ●

• L’eau gèle à zéro degré Celsius sous pression atmosphérique normale. (Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius under normal atmospheric pressure.)

degree (noun [m]: geometry angle measurement unit) ●

• Un triangle équilatéral possède trois angles de 60 degrés chacun. (An equilateral triangle has three angles of 60 degrees each.)

proof, percent proof (noun [m]: alcohol content) ●

• Ce rhum antillais titre à 50 degrés d’alcool pur. (This Caribbean rum is 50 percent proof pure alcohol.)

exigence [ɛɡziʒɑ̃s]

demand, requirement (noun [f]: thing demanded) ●

• Les exigences du client sont parfois difficiles à satisfaire dans les délais impartis. (The client’s demands are sometimes difficult to meet within the allotted time.)

demanding nature (noun [f]: character trait) ●

• L’exigence de ce professeur pousse ses étudiants à donner le meilleur d’eux-mêmes. (This professor’s demanding nature pushes his students to give their best.)

rêve [ʀɛv]

dream (noun [m]: mental images during sleep) ●

• Cette nuit, j’ai fait un rêve étrange où je volais au-dessus de la ville. (Last night, I had a strange dream where I was flying above the city.)

dream, wish (noun [m]: desire) ●

• Devenir médecin a toujours été son rêve le plus cher depuis l’enfance. (Becoming a doctor has always been her dearest dream since childhood.)

dream, daydream (noun [m]: imagination) ●

• Son projet de voyager autour du monde reste encore un simple rêve pour le moment. (His project to travel around the world is still just a dream for now.)

inspirer [ɛ̃spiʀe]

inspire (transitive verb: stimulate) ●

• Cette artiste inspire toute une génération de jeunes peintres par son travail original. (This artist inspires an entire generation of young painters through her original work.)

inhale, breathe in, inspire (transitive verb: draw air into lungs) ●

• Le médecin lui demande d’inspirer profondément pendant l’auscultation. (The doctor asks him to breathe in deeply during the examination.)

draw your inspiration from, take your inspiration from, use as your inspiration, use to inspire you, be inspired by (reflexive verb: take example from) ●

• Le romancier s’inspire souvent de ses propres expériences pour créer ses personnages. (The novelist often draws his inspiration from his own experiences to create his characters.)

opérer [ɔpeʀe]

operate on, perform surgery on (transitive verb: perform surgical procedure) ●

• Le chirurgien va opérer le patient demain matin à huit heures. (The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow morning at eight o’clock.)

operate on for, perform surgery on for (transitive verb: surgically correct defect) ●

• On a opéré mon père d’une hernie discale la semaine dernière. (They operated on my father for a herniated disc last week.)

operate, perform surgery (intransitive verb: perform surgical procedure) ●

• Le docteur Martin opère tous les matins de la semaine à l’hôpital Saint-Louis. (Doctor Martin performs surgery every morning of the week at Saint-Louis Hospital.)

act, work (intransitive verb: take action) ●

• Dans cette situation délicate, il faut opérer avec beaucoup de discrétion. (In this delicate situation, we must act with great discretion.)

undertake, effect, carry out, perform, execute, bring about (transitive verb: accomplish) ●

• La direction a décidé d’opérer une restructuration complète du département commercial. (Management has decided to undertake a complete restructuring of the sales department.)

work, act, have an effect on (intransitive verb: have effect) ●

• Le nouveau médicament commence à opérer après quelques heures seulement. (The new medicine starts to work after just a few hours.)

happen, occur, take place (reflexive verb: occur) ●

• Un changement radical s’est opéré dans son comportement depuis son voyage en Asie. (A radical change has taken place in his behavior since his trip to Asia.)

proceed, go about things (intransitive verb: proceed methodically) ●

• Pour résoudre ce problème complexe, nous devons opérer par étapes successives. (To solve this complex problem, we must proceed in successive stages.)

entièrement [ɑ̃tjɛʀmɑ̃]

entirely, completely, totally (adverb: completely) ●

• L’appartement a été entièrement rénové l’année dernière avec des matériaux écologiques. (The apartment was completely renovated last year with ecological materials.)

chapitre [ʃapitʀ]

chapter (noun [m]: division of text) ●

• Le professeur nous a demandé de lire le chapitre trois pour la semaine prochaine. (The professor asked us to read chapter three for next week.)

chapter (noun [m]: religious assembly) ●

• Les moines se réunissent en chapitre chaque dimanche pour discuter des affaires du monastère. (The monks gather in chapter every Sunday to discuss monastery affairs.)

have a say in the matter (noun [m]: right to speak) ●

• En tant que membre fondateur, elle a toujours son mot à dire et droit au chapitre. (As a founding member, she always has her say and a right to have a say in the matter.)

quotidien [kɔtidjɛ̃]

daily (adjective: occurring every day) ●

• Les exercices quotidiens de yoga m’aident à rester en forme et détendu. (Daily yoga exercises help me stay fit and relaxed.)

everyday life (noun [m]: daily routine) ●

• Le quotidien d’un enseignant est souvent plus exigeant qu’on ne le pense. (A teacher’s everyday life is often more demanding than people think.)

daily newspaper, daily paper, daily (noun [m]: newspaper published daily) ●

• Mon grand-père achète son quotidien favori tous les matins au kiosque du quartier. (My grandfather buys his favorite daily newspaper every morning at the neighborhood kiosk.)

clairement [klɛʀmɑ̃]

clearly, distinctly (adverb: comprehensibly) ●

• Le conférencier explique clairement les concepts difficiles pour que tout le monde comprenne. (The lecturer clearly explains difficult concepts so everyone can understand.)

clearly, openly, frankly (adverb: sincerely) ●

• Il faut parler clairement de nos intentions pour éviter tout malentendu. (We must speak clearly about our intentions to avoid any misunderstanding.)

joindre [ʒwɛ̃dʀ]

reach, contact, get hold of (transitive verb: contact person) ●

• J’ai essayé de te joindre toute la matinée mais ton téléphone était éteint. (I tried to reach you all morning but your phone was turned off.)

add, append, include, attach, enclose (transitive verb: add) ●

• N’oubliez pas de joindre les documents nécessaires à votre candidature avant la date limite. (Don’t forget to attach the necessary documents to your application before the deadline.)

join (reflexive verb: join someone) ●

• Mes amis partent en randonnée demain et je vais me joindre à eux pour le week-end. (My friends are going hiking tomorrow and I’m going to join them for the weekend.)

link, join, connect (transitive verb: connect geographically) ●

• Un nouveau pont va bientôt joindre les deux rives du fleuve. (A new bridge will soon connect the two banks of the river.)

combine (transitive verb: bring together) ●

• Il faut joindre nos compétences pour mener à bien ce projet ambitieux. (We must combine our skills to successfully complete this ambitious project.)

meet, join (reflexive verb: edges touch) ●

• Ces deux planches se joignent parfaitement sans laisser aucun espace visible. (These two planks meet perfectly without leaving any visible gap.)