auparavant [opaʁavɑ̃]

formerly, before, previously (adverb: before now) ●

• Auparavant, ce quartier était beaucoup plus calme qu’aujourd’hui. (Formerly, this neighbourhood was much quieter than today.)

animal [animal]

animal (noun [m]: living creature) ●

• Le zoo abrite plus de deux cents espèces d’animaux différentes. (The zoo houses more than two hundred different species of animals.)

animal (adjective: relating to animals) ●

• Les protéines animales sont essentielles dans un régime équilibré. (Animal proteins are essential in a balanced diet.)

animal, bestial, brutish (adjective: savage, wild) ●

• Il a fait preuve d’une violence animale lors de cette bagarre. (He displayed animal violence during that fight.)

utile [ytil]

useful, helpful (adjective: can serve a purpose) ●

• Ce guide touristique m’a été très utile pendant mon voyage en Italie. (This travel guide was very useful to me during my trip to Italy.)

necessary, required (adjective: needed) ●

• Prenez les précautions utiles avant de manipuler ces produits chimiques. (Take the necessary precautions before handling these chemicals.)

utility, usefulness, necessity (noun [m]: quality of being needed) ●

• Dans ce métier, on doit souvent privilégier l’utile à l’agréable. (In this job, one must often prioritize utility over pleasure.)

inscrire [ɛ̃skʀiʀ]

write, record (transitive verb: put down in writing) ●

• N’oubliez pas d’inscrire votre nom en haut de la feuille. (Don’t forget to write your name at the top of the page.)

enrol, enroll, sign [sb] up (transitive verb: register someone) ●

• Les parents doivent inscrire leurs enfants à l’école avant la fin du mois de juin. (Parents must enrol their children in school before the end of June.)

sign up for [sth], enrol for [sth] (reflexive verb: register oneself for an activity) ●

• Je me suis inscrit à un cours de cuisine italienne ce week-end. (I signed up for an Italian cooking class this weekend.)

join, register with [sth], sign up to [sth] (reflexive verb: register on a list or site) ●

• Elle s’est inscrite sur plusieurs sites de recherche d’emploi. (She signed up to several job search websites.)

join (reflexive verb: become member of a club) ●

• Mon frère s’est inscrit dans un club de randonnée l’année dernière. (My brother joined a hiking club last year.)

be part of [sth], enter into [sth] (reflexive verb: fit within a context) ●

• Cette initiative s’inscrit dans notre stratégie de développement durable. (This initiative is part of our sustainable development strategy.)

inscribe, draw (transitive verb: trace a figure within another) ●

• Le professeur de géométrie nous a demandé d’inscrire un triangle dans un cercle. (The geometry teacher asked us to inscribe a triangle in a circle.)

concurrence [kɔ̃kyʀɑ̃s]

competition (noun [f]: rivalry) ●

• La concurrence entre les deux marques de téléphones est féroce. (The competition between the two phone brands is fierce.)

déclaration [deklaʀasjɔ̃]

declaration, statement, announcement (noun [f]: public communication) ●

• Le ministre a fait une déclaration importante devant les journalistes. (The minister made an important statement to the journalists.)

rejoindre [ʀəʒwɛ̃dʀ]

meet, join (transitive verb: go to find someone) ●

• Je te rejoins au restaurant dans une demi-heure. (I’ll meet you at the restaurant in half an hour.)

catch up with [sb], catch [sb] up (transitive verb: catch up to someone) ●

• Partez devant, je vous rejoindrai dès que possible. (Go ahead, I’ll catch up with you as soon as possible.)

reach, get to [sth] (transitive verb: arrive at) ●

• L’alpiniste a réussi à rejoindre le sommet malgré le mauvais temps. (The mountaineer managed to reach the summit despite the bad weather.)

join (transitive verb: become a member of) ●

• Elle a rejoint notre équipe de recherche il y a trois mois. (She joined our research team three months ago.)

meet (reflexive verb: people meeting up) ●

• On se rejoint devant le cinéma à vingt heures ? (Shall we meet in front of the cinema at eight o’clock?)

meet, join together (reflexive verb: things touching) ●

• Les deux routes se rejoignent à la sortie du village. (The two roads meet at the exit of the village.)

lead to, join up with (transitive verb: lead somewhere) ●

• Ce petit chemin rejoint la route nationale après deux kilomètres. (This small path leads to the national road after two kilometres.)

agree with [sb/sth], be in accordance with [sb/sth] (transitive verb: share an opinion) ●

• Sur ce point, je rejoins entièrement votre analyse. (On this point, I entirely agree with your analysis.)

agree, be in agreement, concur (reflexive verb: share views) ●

• Malgré nos différences, nous nous rejoignons sur les questions environnementales. (Despite our differences, we agree on environmental issues.)

mille [mil]

a thousand, one thousand (noun: quantity of 1,000) ●

• Ce livre coûte mille euros, c’est une édition rare. (This book costs a thousand euros; it’s a rare edition.)

a thousand, one thousand (adjective: ten times one hundred) ●

• Plus de mille personnes ont assisté au concert hier soir. (More than a thousand people attended the concert last night.)

one thousand (adjective: the number 1,000) ●

• Son dossard portait le numéro mille. (Her race number was one thousand.)

a thousand (adjective: a large indeterminate number) ●

• Mille excuses pour ce retard imprévu. (A thousand apologies for this unexpected delay.)

bull’s-eye (noun [m]: centre of a dartboard) ●

• Il a visé et a touché le mille du premier coup. (He aimed and hit the bull’s-eye on the first try.)

absolument [absɔlymɑ̃]

absolutely, completely, utterly (adverb: entirely) ●

• Je suis absolument convaincu que cette décision est la bonne. (I am absolutely convinced that this decision is the right one.)

absolutely (adverb: strictly, necessarily) ●

• Il faut absolument que tu finisses ce rapport avant vendredi. (You absolutely have to finish this report before Friday.)

absolutely, definitely, totally (adverb: emphatic yes) ●

• — Tu viens à la fête samedi ? — Absolument ! (“Are you coming to the party on Saturday?” “Absolutely!”)

prison [pʀizɔ̃]

prison, jail (noun [f]: penitentiary) ●

• Le criminel a été condamné à dix ans de prison. (The criminal was sentenced to ten years in prison.)

armée [aʀme]

armed forces, military (noun [f]: military groups of a state) ●

• L’armée française participe à plusieurs opérations internationales. (The French armed forces participate in several international operations.)

army (noun [f]: military entity) ●

• L’armée ennemie a été repoussée après trois jours de combat. (The enemy army was pushed back after three days of fighting.)

military service (noun [f]: compulsory service, dated) ●

• Mon grand-père a fait son armée en Algérie dans les années soixante. (My grandfather did his military service in Algeria in the sixties.)

revenu [ʀəvny]

income, earnings (noun [m]: remuneration from an activity) ●

• Son revenu mensuel ne lui permet pas de louer un appartement dans ce quartier. (His monthly income doesn’t allow him to rent an apartment in this neighbourhood.)

revenue (noun [m]: government income from tax) ●

• Les revenus de l’État ont augmenté grâce à la nouvelle taxe sur les entreprises. (Government revenue has increased thanks to the new corporate tax.)

complètement [kɔ̃plɛtmɑ̃]

completely, totally, wholly, entirely, utterly (adverb: totally) ●

• Le projet a complètement échoué malgré tous nos efforts. (The project completely failed despite all our efforts.)

entirely, in full (adverb: in its entirety) ●

• Elle a lu le rapport complètement avant de donner son avis. (She read the report entirely before giving her opinion.)

in its entirety (adverb: formal, completely) ●

• Le discours a été retransmis complètement à la télévision nationale. (The speech was broadcast in its entirety on national television.)

in toto (adverb: formal, totally) ●

• La proposition a été rejetée complètement par le conseil d’administration. (The proposal was rejected in toto by the board of directors.)

confirmer [kɔ̃fiʀme]

confirm (transitive verb: provide new proof) ●

• Les analyses médicales confirment le diagnostic du médecin. (The medical tests confirm the doctor’s diagnosis.)

confirm (transitive verb: restate agreement) ●

• Pouvez-vous confirmer votre réservation par courriel ? (Can you confirm your reservation by email?)

state that (transitive verb: formally restate agreement) ●

• Je confirme que j’accepte les conditions générales du contrat. (I state that I accept the general terms of the contract.)

confirm [sth] to [sb], confirm [sth] for [sb] (transitive verb: restate agreement to someone) ●

• L’hôtel m’a confirmé la date de mon séjour par téléphone. (The hotel confirmed the date of my stay to me by phone.)

confirm, confirm that (verb phrase: restate agreement) ●

• Nous vous confirmons que votre colis a été expédié ce matin. (We confirm that your parcel was dispatched this morning.)

confirm, corroborate, reinforce, bear out (transitive verb: strengthen) ●

• Ces nouveaux témoignages confirment la version des faits présentée par l’accusé. (This new testimony corroborates the account of events presented by the defendant.)

become established, become confirmed (reflexive verb: be reaffirmed) ●

• La tendance à la baisse des prix se confirme depuis plusieurs mois. (The downward trend in prices has become established over several months.)

be confirmed, be corroborated, be borne out (reflexive verb: prove true) ●

• Les rumeurs de fusion entre les deux entreprises se sont finalement confirmées. (The rumours of a merger between the two companies were finally confirmed.)

salaire [salɛʀ]

wages, wage (noun [m]: weekly or daily payment for work) ●

• Les ouvriers reçoivent leur salaire chaque vendredi soir. (The workers receive their wages every Friday evening.)

salary (noun [m]: monthly payment for work) ●

• Son salaire mensuel lui permet de vivre confortablement. (His monthly salary allows him to live comfortably.)

pay (noun [m]: informal, remuneration) ●

• Elle négocie actuellement son salaire avec son nouvel employeur. (She is currently negotiating her pay with her new employer.)

lecture [lɛktyʀ]

reading (noun [f]: activity of reading) ●

• La lecture est son passe-temps favori depuis l’enfance. (Reading has been her favourite pastime since childhood.)

reading (noun [f]: oral announcement) ●

• La lecture du verdict a provoqué des cris dans la salle d’audience. (The reading of the verdict caused outcry in the courtroom.)

reading (noun [f]: deciphering text) ●

• L’apprentissage de la lecture commence généralement à six ans. (Learning to read generally begins at age six.)

reading, interpretation (noun [f]: analysis) ●

• Cette œuvre littéraire permet plusieurs lectures différentes. (This literary work allows for several different interpretations.)

reading (noun [f]: data input) ●

• Une erreur de lecture du disque dur a corrompu certains fichiers. (A reading error on the hard drive corrupted some files.)

reading, play, playing, playback (noun [f]: audiovisual data decoding) ●

• La lecture de ce fichier vidéo nécessite un codec particulier. (The playback of this video file requires a specific codec.)

contribuer [kɔ̃tʀibɥe]

contribute to [sth] (intransitive verb: bring one’s share) ●

• Chaque employé contribue au succès de l’entreprise par son travail quotidien. (Each employee contributes to the company’s success through their daily work.)

contribute to [sth], help (intransitive verb: participate) ●

• Le beau temps a contribué à la réussite de la fête en plein air. (The good weather contributed to the success of the outdoor party.)

contribute to [sth], pitch in towards [sth], help out with [sth] (intransitive verb: participate in shared expense) ●

• Tous les voisins ont contribué à l’achat du cadeau de départ. (All the neighbours pitched in towards buying the leaving gift.)

attaquer [atake]

attack, launch an attack on (transitive verb: begin combat) ●

• Les forces armées ont attaqué la position ennemie à minuit. (The armed forces attacked the enemy position at midnight.)

raid, rob, strike (transitive verb: burgle) ●

• Trois hommes masqués ont attaqué la banque en plein jour. (Three masked men raided the bank in broad daylight.)

attack (reflexive verb: assault someone) ●

• Le voleur s’est attaqué à une vieille dame dans la rue. (The thief attacked an elderly woman in the street.)

attack, tackle (reflexive verb: begin, start on) ●

• Après le déjeuner, je m’attaquerai au rangement du grenier. (After lunch, I’ll tackle tidying the attic.)

attack, criticize, declare war on (reflexive verb: denounce wrongdoing, figurative) ●

• Le député s’est attaqué aux privilèges des élus dans son discours. (The MP attacked the privileges of elected officials in his speech.)

tackle, get to grips with [sth] (reflexive verb: deal with, manage, figurative) ●

• Le nouveau gouvernement s’attaque enfin au problème du logement. (The new government is finally tackling the housing problem.)

face, be up against [sb] (reflexive verb: compete against) ●

• En finale, l’équipe française s’attaquera au champion en titre. (In the final, the French team will face the reigning champion.)

table [tabl]

table (noun [f]: flat piece of furniture) ●

• Nous avons acheté une grande table pour la salle à manger. (We bought a large table for the dining room.)

table (noun [f]: sport, flat surface on stand) ●

• Les enfants jouent au ping-pong sur la table du jardin. (The children play ping-pong on the garden table.)

table (noun [f]: data chart) ●

• Consultez la table des conversions pour trouver l’équivalent en pouces. (Consult the conversion table to find the equivalent in inches.)

[number] times table (noun [f]: multiplication table) ●

• Mon fils récite la table de sept tous les soirs avant de dormir. (My son recites the seven times table every evening before bed.)

remonter [ʀəmɔ̃te]

go up, go higher, fly up, fly higher (intransitive verb: rise in the air) ●

• L’avion a remonté au-dessus des nuages pour éviter la turbulence. (The plane went higher above the clouds to avoid the turbulence.)

go back up, climb back up, go back upstairs (intransitive verb: person climbing again) ●

• J’ai dû remonter au troisième étage car j’avais oublié mes clés. (I had to go back upstairs to the third floor because I had forgotten my keys.)

get back in, get back on (intransitive verb: return to vehicle) ●

• Les passagers sont remontés dans le bus après la pause. (The passengers got back on the bus after the break.)

pull [sth] up, hike [sth] up, raise (transitive verb: bring upward) ●

• Elle a remonté les stores pour laisser entrer la lumière. (She raised the blinds to let in the light.)

put [sth] together again, put [sth] back together, reassemble (transitive verb: assemble again) ●

• Le mécanicien a remonté le moteur après l’avoir nettoyé. (The mechanic reassembled the engine after cleaning it.)

wind, wind up (transitive verb: recompress spring, clockwork) ●

• Grand-père remonte sa montre ancienne chaque matin. (Grandfather winds his antique watch every morning.)

ride up (intransitive verb: garment rising) ●

• Cette robe remonte quand je m’assieds, c’est très gênant. (This dress rides up when I sit down; it’s very annoying.)

move back up, go back up, be on the rise (intransitive verb: level increasing) ●

• Les températures remontent enfin après cette vague de froid. (Temperatures are finally going back up after this cold spell.)

go back, date back (intransitive verb: date from) ●

• Cette tradition remonte à plusieurs siècles. (This tradition dates back several centuries.)

create, recreate, start up again (transitive verb: create anew) ●

• Après sa faillite, il a remonté une entreprise dans un autre secteur. (After his bankruptcy, he started up a business again in another sector.)

buck [sb] up (transitive verb: restore vigour, informal) ●

• Un bon café chaud m’a remonté après cette longue marche sous la pluie. (A nice hot coffee bucked me up after that long walk in the rain.)

buck yourself up (reflexive verb: regain vigour, informal) ●

• Après cette mauvaise nouvelle, il lui a fallu du temps pour se remonter. (After that bad news, it took him time to buck himself up.)

certes [sɛʀt]

admittedly, of course, to be sure (adverb: marks concession) ●

• Le travail est difficile, certes, mais les résultats en valent la peine. (The work is difficult, admittedly, but the results are worth it.)

of course, certainly (adverb: marks affirmation) ●

• Acceptez-vous cette mission ? — Certes, avec grand plaisir. (Do you accept this mission? — Certainly, with great pleasure.)

avril [avʀil]

April (noun [m]: fourth month of the year) ●

• Les vacances de Pâques tombent souvent en avril. (The Easter holidays often fall in April.)

autrement [otʀəmɑ̃]

differently, some other way, by other means (adverb: in another manner) ●

• Si cette méthode ne fonctionne pas, il faudra procéder autrement. (If this method doesn’t work, we’ll have to proceed differently.)

otherwise, if not (adverb: else, or else) ●

• Dépêche-toi, autrement nous allons manquer le train. (Hurry up, otherwise we’ll miss the train.)

ferme [fɛʀm]

farm (noun [f]: agricultural property) ●

• Mes grands-parents ont passé toute leur vie à travailler dans leur ferme. (My grandparents spent their whole lives working on their farm.)

firm, hard (adjective: solid, not soft) ●

• Ce fromage est encore trop ferme pour être étalé sur du pain. (This cheese is still too firm to spread on bread.)

firm, solid (adjective: vigorous) ●

• Elle lui serra la main d’une poigne ferme et assurée. (She shook his hand with a firm, confident grip.)

firm (adjective: resolute, authoritative) ●

• Le professeur adopta un ton ferme pour rétablir le calme dans la classe. (The teacher adopted a firm tone to restore calm in the classroom.)

definite, definitive (adjective: commerce, final) ●

• Nous attendons votre réponse ferme avant de finaliser le contrat. (We are awaiting your definitive response before finalizing the contract.)

with no remission (adverb: legal, without suspension) ●

• L’accusé a été condamné à cinq ans de prison ferme pour ses crimes. (The defendant was sentenced to five years with no remission for his crimes.)

désormais [dezɔʀmɛ]

from now on, henceforth (adverb: from this point forward) ●

• Désormais, tous les employés devront badger à l’entrée du bâtiment. (From now on, all employees must swipe their badge at the building entrance.)

now, since then (adverb: from a certain point in time) ●

• Cette technologie était révolutionnaire à l’époque mais elle est désormais obsolète. (This technology was revolutionary at the time but is now obsolete.)

lourd [luʀ]

heavy, weighty (adjective: of significant weight) ●

• Cette valise est trop lourde pour que je la porte seul. (This suitcase is too heavy for me to carry alone.)

heavy (adjective: gait, movement) ●

• Épuisé par la randonnée, il avançait d’un pas lourd. (Exhausted from the hike, he was walking with a heavy step.)

heavy, sultry, oppressive (adjective: weather) ●

• L’air était lourd et étouffant avant l’arrivée de l’orage. (The air was heavy and stifling before the storm arrived.)

complicated, onerous (adjective: procedure, burdensome) ●

• Les formalités administratives pour obtenir ce visa sont particulièrement lourdes. (The administrative procedures to obtain this visa are particularly onerous.)

weighty, important, serious (adjective: task, figurative) ●

• Diriger cette entreprise en temps de crise est une lourde responsabilité. (Managing this company in times of crisis is a weighty responsibility.)

laden with, charged with (adjective: filled with something) ●

• Son regard était lourd de reproches qu’il n’osait pas exprimer. (His gaze was laden with reproaches he dared not express.)

taxing, unbearable (adjective: person, informal, insistent) ●

• Arrête de me poser la même question, tu deviens vraiment lourd. (Stop asking me the same question, you’re becoming really unbearable.)

slow, clumsy, tactless (adjective: person, informal, dull-witted) ●

• Il est parfois un peu lourd et ne comprend pas les sous-entendus. (He’s sometimes a bit slow and doesn’t understand hints.)

susciter [sysite]

arouse, provoke, set off, spark off (transitive verb: engender) ●

• Sa déclaration a suscité de vives réactions dans l’opinion publique. (His statement aroused strong reactions in public opinion.)

kindle, arouse (transitive verb: give rise to, awaken) ●

• Ce documentaire a suscité en elle une véritable passion pour l’astronomie. (This documentary kindled a real passion for astronomy in her.)

république [ʀepyblik]

republic (noun [f]: political system) ●

• La France est une république depuis la Révolution française. (France has been a republic since the French Revolution.)

society (noun [f]: literary, fellowship) ●

• Les philosophes des Lumières formaient une véritable république des esprits. (The Enlightenment philosophers formed a true society of minds.)

dur [dyʀ]

hard (adjective: rigid, not soft) ●

• Le sol était trop dur pour planter quoi que ce soit sans creuser profondément. (The ground was too hard to plant anything without digging deeply.)

hard, harsh (adjective: person, merciless) ●

• Son père était dur avec lui, n’acceptant jamais l’échec. (His father was hard on him, never accepting failure.)

stern, forbidding (adjective: expression, severe) ●

• Elle lui lança un regard dur qui le fit taire immédiatement. (She gave him a stern look that silenced him immediately.)

hard, tough, difficult (adjective: challenging) ●

• L’examen était vraiment dur cette année, beaucoup d’étudiants ont échoué. (The exam was really hard this year; many students failed.)

tough nut (noun [m/f]: resilient person) ●

• C’est une dure, elle a traversé toutes ces épreuves sans jamais se plaindre. (She’s a tough nut; she went through all those hardships without ever complaining.)

tough one (noun [m/f]: strong, resistant person) ●

• Ce boxeur est un dur, il s’est relevé après chaque coup. (This boxer is a tough one; he got back up after every blow.)

hard (adverb: intensely, strongly) ●

• Elle a travaillé dur pendant des années pour obtenir ce diplôme. (She worked hard for years to obtain this degree.)

application [aplikasjɔ̃]

application, app (noun [f]: software, program) ●

• J’ai téléchargé une nouvelle application pour gérer mes finances. (I downloaded a new app to manage my finances.)

diligence, application (noun [f]: care, attention) ●

• Elle termine toujours ses devoirs avec beaucoup d’application. (She always completes her homework with great diligence.)

application, practical application (noun [f]: putting into practice) ●

• L’application de ces nouvelles règles prendra effet dès lundi prochain. (The application of these new rules will take effect next Monday.)

application (noun [f]: act of applying physically) ●

• L’application de cette crème doit se faire deux fois par jour. (The application of this cream must be done twice a day.)

lutter [lyte]

fight (intransitive verb: combat, oppose) ●

• Les deux équipes luttent pour la première place du championnat. (The two teams are fighting for first place in the championship.)

fight (transitive verb: battle against someone) ●

• Il a lutté contre son adversaire jusqu’à l’épuisement. (He fought against his opponent until exhaustion.)

fight against, struggle against, battle against (intransitive verb: try to resist) ●

• Les pompiers luttent contre les flammes depuis plusieurs heures. (The firefighters have been fighting against the flames for several hours.)

combat, fight (transitive verb: take action against) ●

• L’association lutte contre la pauvreté dans les quartiers défavorisés. (The organization combats poverty in disadvantaged neighborhoods.)

profit [pʀɔfi]

profit (noun [m]: economic gain) ●

• La société a réalisé un profit record cette année. (The company made a record profit this year.)

profit, account, benefit (noun [m]: figurative, advantage) ●

• Tous les dons iront au profit des victimes du tremblement de terre. (All donations will go to the benefit of the earthquake victims.)

contenir [kɔ̃t(ə)niʀ]

include, contain, hold (transitive verb: to comprise) ●

• Cette valise contient tous mes vêtements d’hiver. (This suitcase contains all my winter clothes.)

contain (transitive verb: have capacity for) ●

• Ce réservoir contient cinquante litres d’eau. (This tank contains fifty litres of water.)

contain, hold back, suppress (transitive verb: restrain) ●

• Les barrières de sécurité permettent de contenir la foule. (The security barriers help to contain the crowd.)

contain yourself, control yourself (reflexive verb: exercise self-control) ●

• Malgré la provocation, elle a réussi à se contenir. (Despite the provocation, she managed to control herself.)

déposer [depoze]

drop off, leave (transitive verb: place something somewhere) ●

• J’ai déposé les documents sur ton bureau ce matin. (I dropped off the documents on your desk this morning.)

drop off (transitive verb: leave someone somewhere) ●

• Ma mère me dépose à l’école tous les matins. (My mother drops me off at school every morning.)

deposit, pay in (transitive verb: money) ●

• Elle a déposé cinq cents euros sur son compte courant. (She deposited five hundred euros into her current account.)

file (transitive verb: patent) ●

• L’inventeur a déposé un brevet pour protéger sa création. (The inventor filed a patent to protect his creation.)

be deposited, build up (reflexive verb: settle, sediment) ●

• De la poussière se dépose sur les meubles si on ne nettoie pas régulièrement. (Dust builds up on furniture if you don’t clean regularly.)

depose (transitive verb: remove from power) ●

• Le coup d’État a déposé le dictateur après trente ans de règne. (The coup deposed the dictator after thirty years of rule.)

modifier [mɔdifje]

modify, change (transitive verb: alter) ●

• Nous devons modifier notre approche pour atteindre nos objectifs. (We need to modify our approach to achieve our goals.)

modify, change, alter (transitive verb: transform physically) ●

• Les architectes ont décidé de modifier les plans du bâtiment. (The architects decided to alter the building plans.)

be changed, be modified, be altered (reflexive verb: undergo change) ●

• Les horaires se modifient en fonction des saisons. (The timetables are modified according to the seasons.)

modify, change, alter (transitive verb: add nuance, grammar) ●

• L’adjectif modifie le sens du nom qu’il accompagne. (The adjective modifies the meaning of the noun it accompanies.)

communication [kɔmynikasjɔ̃]

communication (noun [f]: transmission) ●

• Internet a révolutionné les moyens de communication. (The internet has revolutionised the means of communication.)

communication (noun [f]: exchange of information) ●

• Une bonne communication est essentielle dans une équipe de travail. (Good communication is essential in a work team.)

public relations, PR, communications (noun [f]: image management) ●

• L’entreprise a embauché un expert en communication pour améliorer son image. (The company hired a public relations expert to improve its image.)

statement, announcement, message, memorandum (noun [f]: information given) ●

• Le directeur fera une communication importante demain matin. (The director will make an important announcement tomorrow morning.)

communications (noun [f]: academic discipline) ●

• Ma fille étudie la communication à l’université de Lyon. (My daughter is studying communications at Lyon University.)

communicating (adjective: connecting) ●

• Les deux bureaux sont reliés par une porte de communication. (The two offices are linked by a communicating door.)

PR (noun [f]: company department, informal) ●

• Contacte la communication avant de publier ce communiqué. (Contact PR before publishing this press release.)

jugement [ʒyʒmɑ̃]

judgment, discernment (noun [m]: good sense) ●

• Il faut faire preuve de jugement dans cette situation délicate. (You must show judgment in this delicate situation.)

judgment, appraisal (noun [m]: act of judging) ●

• Le jugement de son travail sera effectué par un comité d’experts. (The appraisal of his work will be carried out by a committee of experts.)

verdict, decision, ruling, sentence (noun [m]: court ruling) ●

• Le tribunal rendra son jugement la semaine prochaine. (The court will deliver its ruling next week.)

manque [mɑ̃k]

lack, shortage (noun [m]: insufficiency) ●

• Le manque de financement a retardé le projet de plusieurs mois. (The lack of funding delayed the project by several months.)

deficiency, lack (noun [m]: deficiency) ●

• Son manque de fer lui cause une fatigue constante. (Her iron deficiency causes her constant tiredness.)

lack, absence (noun [m]: absence) ●

• Son manque de ponctualité agace ses collègues. (His lack of punctuality annoys his colleagues.)

missing thing, flaw, error, fault (noun [m]: gap, defect) ●

• L’éditeur a relevé plusieurs manques dans le manuscrit. (The editor noted several flaws in the manuscript.)

gap, hole, empty space (noun [m]: felt absence, figurative) ●

• Depuis qu’elle est partie, je ressens un manque profond. (Since she left, I feel a deep emptiness.)

échec [eʃɛk]

failure (noun [m]: commercial setback) ●

• Le lancement du nouveau produit s’est soldé par un échec commercial. (The launch of the new product ended in commercial failure.)

failure (noun [m]: academic setback) ●

• Après son échec au concours, elle a décidé de reprendre ses études. (After her failure in the exam, she decided to resume her studies.)

chess (noun [m] pl: board game) ●

• Mon père m’a appris à jouer aux échecs quand j’avais sept ans. (My father taught me to play chess when I was seven.)

traverser [tʀavɛʀse]

cross (transitive verb: go from one side to another) ●

• Nous avons traversé la forêt à pied en trois heures. (We crossed the forest on foot in three hours.)

cross (intransitive verb: go to the other side of the street) ●

• Attendez que le feu soit vert pour traverser. (Wait until the light is green to cross.)

penetrate, go through (transitive verb: pass through material) ●

• L’eau a traversé le toit et a endommagé le plafond. (The water penetrated the roof and damaged the ceiling.)

experience, go through, undergo (transitive verb: live through a situation, figurative) ●

• L’entreprise traverse actuellement une période de restructuration. (The company is currently going through a period of restructuring.)

come to mind, spring to mind, occur to (transitive verb: idea) ●

• Une idée brillante m’a traversé l’esprit pendant la réunion. (A brilliant idea came to mind during the meeting.)

last, survive, endure (transitive verb: persist through time, literary) ●

• Ces traditions ont traversé les générations sans perdre leur sens. (These traditions have endured through the generations without losing their meaning.)

transformer [tʀɑ̃sfɔʀme]

transform (transitive verb: make different) ●

• Les travaux ont complètement transformé cette vieille maison. (The renovations have completely transformed this old house.)

transform (transitive verb: change someone’s state, figurative) ●

• Ce voyage l’a transformée en une personne plus confiante. (This trip transformed her into a more confident person.)

turn into, transform into (transitive verb: change something into something else) ●

• L’usine transforme le blé en farine. (The factory turns wheat into flour.)

turn into, change into, transform into (transitive verb: change someone into something else) ●

• Le magicien prétendait pouvoir transformer les hommes en animaux. (The magician claimed to be able to turn men into animals.)

change, be transformed (reflexive verb: change appearance) ●

• Le quartier s’est transformé avec l’arrivée des nouvelles boutiques. (The neighbourhood has been transformed with the arrival of new shops.)

turn into, transform into, become (reflexive verb: change structure or nature) ●

• Sa colère s’est transformée en détermination. (Her anger turned into determination.)

transform yourself into, turn into, become (reflexive verb: become someone else) ●

• Grâce à sa formation, il s’est transformé en expert reconnu. (Thanks to his training, he transformed himself into a recognised expert.)

convert (transitive verb: Rugby) ●

• Le buteur a transformé les deux essais de son équipe. (The kicker converted both of his team’s tries.)

engagement [ɑ̃ɡaʒmɑ̃]

commitment (noun [m]: contract, agreement) ●

• Il a pris l’engagement de rembourser la dette avant la fin de l’année. (He made the commitment to repay the debt before the end of the year.)

commitment, engagement (noun [m]: taking a position) ●

• Son engagement pour l’environnement est admirable. (Her commitment to the environment is admirable.)

appointment (noun [m]: hiring) ●

• L’engagement de ce nouveau directeur sera annoncé demain. (The appointment of this new director will be announced tomorrow.)

engagement (noun [m]: military participation) ●

• L’engagement des troupes sur le terrain a été ordonné par le général. (The engagement of troops on the ground was ordered by the general.)

frère [fʀɛʀ]

brother, bro, bruv (noun [m]: male sibling) ●

• Mon frère aîné m’a appris à faire du vélo quand j’avais cinq ans. (My older brother taught me to ride a bike when I was five.)

brother, mate, buddy (noun [m]: close friend, figurative) ●

• Nous avons traversé tellement d’épreuves ensemble ; il est comme un frère pour moi. (We’ve been through so much together; he’s like a brother to me.)

brother, comrade (noun [m]: member of same group, figurative) ●

• Mes frères de lutte, nous devons rester unis face à l’adversité. (My brothers in struggle, we must remain united in the face of adversity.)

brother, monk (noun [m]: religious community member) ●

• Frère Dominique passe ses journées à prier et à travailler au jardin du monastère. (Brother Dominique spends his days praying and working in the monastery garden.)

mardi [maʀdi]

Tuesday, on Tuesday, on Tuesdays (noun [m]: day after Monday) ●

• Le mardi, je vais toujours à la salle de sport après le travail. (On Tuesdays, I always go to the gym after work.)

rencontre [ʀɑ̃kɔ̃tʀ]

meeting, encounter (noun [f]: act of meeting someone) ●

• Ma première rencontre avec Sophie reste gravée dans ma mémoire. (My first meeting with Sophie remains etched in my memory.)

meeting (noun [f]: formal appointment) ●

• Une rencontre entre les deux ministres est prévue pour demain matin. (A meeting between the two ministers is scheduled for tomorrow morning.)

match, meeting, meet (noun [f]: sports competition) ●

• La rencontre entre les deux équipes rivales a attiré des milliers de spectateurs. (The match between the two rival teams attracted thousands of spectators.)

meeting, confluence, junction (noun [f]: point where things come together) ●

• La rencontre des deux rivières forme un spectacle naturel impressionnant. (The confluence of the two rivers creates an impressive natural spectacle.)

vote [vɔt]

vote (noun [m]: expressed opinion) ●

• Chaque vote compte dans cette élection serrée. (Every vote counts in this close election.)

vote, voting (noun [m]: act of voting) ●

• Le vote a lieu dimanche prochain dans toutes les communes du pays. (Voting takes place next Sunday in all municipalities across the country.)

renvoyer [ʀɑ̃vwaje]

send again, resend (transitive verb: send something a second time) ●

• Le serveur n’a pas reçu votre formulaire ; veuillez le renvoyer. (The server didn’t receive your form; please resend it.)

return, give back, send back (transitive verb: send something back) ●

• J’ai renvoyé le colis au vendeur car le produit était défectueux. (I returned the package to the seller because the product was defective.)

send back (transitive verb: send someone back) ●

• L’infirmière a renvoyé l’enfant chez lui car il avait de la fièvre. (The nurse sent the child back home because he had a fever.)

dismiss, fire, sack (transitive verb: terminate employment) ●

• L’entreprise a renvoyé plusieurs employés pour réduire ses coûts. (The company fired several employees to reduce costs.)

expel, exclude (transitive verb: remove from institution) ●

• Le directeur a renvoyé l’élève pour comportement violent. (The principal expelled the student for violent behaviour.)

reflect (transitive verb: send back light or image) ●

• Le miroir renvoie une image parfaite de la pièce. (The mirror reflects a perfect image of the room.)

postpone, put off (transitive verb: delay to later date) ●

• Nous avons dû renvoyer notre voyage à cause de la tempête. (We had to postpone our trip because of the storm.)

send out, put out (transitive verb: convey a message or idea) ●

• Son attitude renvoie une image de confiance et de compétence. (His attitude sends out an image of confidence and competence.)

refer to (intransitive verb: make reference to) ●

• L’astérisque renvoie à une note explicative en bas de page. (The asterisk refers to an explanatory note at the bottom of the page.)

send back, take back (verb phrase: evoke memories) ●

• Cette chanson me renvoie à mon enfance dans le sud de la France. (This song takes me back to my childhood in the south of France.)

regretter [ʀəɡʀete]

be sorry about, be sorry for, regret (transitive verb: feel remorse) ●

• Je regrette sincèrement mes paroles blessantes d’hier soir. (I sincerely regret my hurtful words from last night.)

be sorry for doing, regret doing (verb phrase: feel remorse for past action) ●

• Elle regrette d’avoir refusé cette offre d’emploi il y a deux ans. (She regrets turning down that job offer two years ago.)

be sorry, be afraid (intransitive verb: express polite regret) ●

• Je regrette, mais toutes les tables sont réservées ce soir. (I’m sorry, but all tables are reserved this evening.)

regret, be sorry for (transitive verb: be dissatisfied with) ●

• Tu ne regretteras pas d’avoir investi dans ce projet prometteur. (You won’t regret investing in this promising project.)

miss (transitive verb: feel nostalgia for) ●

• Je regrette les étés de mon enfance passés chez mes grands-parents. (I miss the summers of my childhood spent at my grandparents’ house.)

espèce [ɛspɛs]

species (noun [f]: biological classification) ●

• Cette forêt abrite des centaines d’espèces d’oiseaux différentes. (This forest is home to hundreds of different bird species.)

variety, type (noun [f]: kind or sort) ●

• Le jardinier cultive plusieurs espèces de roses dans sa serre. (The gardener grows several varieties of roses in his greenhouse.)

form of, kind of, type of, sort of (noun [f]: a sort of something) ●

• Il portait une espèce de chapeau bizarre que personne ne reconnaissait. (He was wearing a kind of strange hat that nobody recognized.)

cash (noun [f] pl: money in coins or bills) ●

• Je préfère payer en espèces plutôt qu’avec ma carte bancaire. (I prefer to pay in cash rather than with my bank card.)

you (pronoun: pejorative emphasis) ●

• Espèce de maladroit, tu as renversé mon café ! (You clumsy fool, you spilled my coffee!)

recommandation [ʀəkɔmɑ̃dasjɔ̃]

recommendation, advice (noun [f]: strong suggestion) ●

• Les recommandations du médecin doivent être suivies à la lettre. (The doctor’s recommendations must be followed to the letter.)

recommendation, reference (noun [f]: favourable endorsement) ●

• Grâce à une excellente recommandation de son ancien employeur, elle a obtenu le poste. (Thanks to an excellent reference from her former employer, she got the job.)

consister [kɔ̃siste]

comprise, include, consist of, be composed of (intransitive verb: be made up of) ●

• Le repas consiste en une entrée, un plat principal et un dessert. (The meal consists of a starter, a main course, and a dessert.)

involve, entail, consist in (intransitive verb: have as purpose) ●

• Mon travail consiste à analyser les données financières de l’entreprise. (My job involves analysing the company’s financial data.)

réagir [ʀeaʒiʀ]

react to, respond to (intransitive verb: act in response to) ●

• Le gouvernement a réagi rapidement à la crise économique. (The government reacted quickly to the economic crisis.)

react (intransitive verb: behave following an event) ●

• Comment a-t-elle réagi quand tu lui as annoncé la nouvelle ? (How did she react when you told her the news?)

react to (intransitive verb: undergo modification) ●

• Ma peau réagit mal aux rayons du soleil en été. (My skin reacts badly to sunlight in summer.)

do something, act, take action (intransitive verb: pull oneself together) ●

• Il est temps de réagir et de prendre ta vie en main ! (It’s time to do something and take control of your life!)

surprendre [syʁpʁɑ̃dʁ]

surprise, take [sb] by surprise (transitive verb: astonish) ●

• La nouvelle de son départ a surpris tous ses collègues. (The news of his departure surprised all his colleagues.)

catch, surprise, take [sb] by surprise (transitive verb: catch off guard) ●

• Le professeur l’a surpris en train de copier sur son voisin. (The teacher caught him copying from his neighbor.)

overhear, catch (transitive verb: hear by chance) ●

• Elle a surpris une conversation entre ses parents dans le couloir. (She overheard a conversation between her parents in the hallway.)

catch, spot (transitive verb: detect something fleeting, figurative) ●

• J’ai surpris un sourire complice entre les deux amis. (I caught a knowing smile between the two friends.)

find yourself doing [sth], catch yourself doing [sth] (reflexive verb: suddenly realize) ●

• Je me suis surpris à fredonner cette vieille chanson. (I found myself humming that old song.)

circonstance [siʁkɔ̃stɑ̃s]

circumstance (noun [f]: condition, usually plural) ●

• Les circonstances de l’accident sont encore inconnues. (The circumstances of the accident are still unknown.)

occasion (noun [f]: event) ●

• Elle a préparé un discours spécial pour la circonstance. (She prepared a special speech for the occasion.)

témoin [temwɛ̃]

witness (noun [m]: person who saw something) ●

• Plusieurs témoins ont vu l’homme s’enfuir après le vol. (Several witnesses saw the man flee after the theft.)

witness (noun [m]: law) ●

• L’avocat a appelé le témoin à la barre. (The lawyer called the witness to the stand.)

witness (noun [m]: official, guarantor of identity) ●

• Elle a choisi son frère comme témoin pour son mariage civil. (She chose her brother as a witness for her civil wedding.)

control (adjective: science, reference sample) ●

• Le groupe témoin n’a reçu aucun traitement pendant l’étude. (The control group received no treatment during the study.)

améliorer [ameljɔʀe]

improve, make [sth] better (transitive verb: make better) ●

• L’entreprise souhaite améliorer ses conditions de travail. (The company wishes to improve its working conditions.)

improve, get better (reflexive verb: become better) ●

• Son niveau de français s’améliore chaque semaine. (His French level improves every week.)

administration [administʁasjɔ̃]

administration, civil service (noun [f]: public service) ●

• L’administration française emploie des millions de fonctionnaires. (The French civil service employs millions of public servants.)

management (noun [f]: running of affairs) ●

• L’administration de cette entreprise est très rigoureuse. (The management of this company is very rigorous.)

réfléchir [ʁefleʃiʁ]

think, reflect (intransitive verb: think at length) ●

• Laisse-moi réfléchir avant de te donner une réponse. (Let me think before giving you an answer.)

think about [sth], reflect on [sth] (indirect transitive verb: consider) ●

• J’ai longuement réfléchi à ta proposition. (I thought long and hard about your proposal.)

consider, think about [sth] (indirect transitive verb: become aware) ●

• As-tu réfléchi aux conséquences de ta décision ? (Did you consider the consequences of your decision?)

reflect (transitive verb: send back light or sound) ●

• La neige réfléchit la lumière du soleil de manière intense. (The snow reflects the sunlight intensely.)

reflect (transitive verb: show as image) ●

• Le miroir réfléchit son visage fatigué. (The mirror reflects his tired face.)

be reflected (reflexive verb: be sent back) ●

• Les montagnes se réfléchissent dans le lac calme. (The mountains are reflected in the calm lake.)

be reflected (reflexive verb: appear as image) ●

• Son ombre se réfléchissait sur le mur blanc. (His shadow was reflected on the white wall.)

lumière [lymjɛʁ]

light (noun [f]: sunlight) ●

• La lumière du matin entrait par la fenêtre ouverte. (The morning light came in through the open window.)

light, lights, lighting (noun [f]: artificial illumination) ●

• N’oublie pas d’éteindre la lumière avant de sortir. (Don’t forget to turn off the light before leaving.)

light, understanding, knowledge (noun [f]: clarification, figurative) ●

• Cette découverte apporte une nouvelle lumière sur l’affaire. (This discovery sheds new light on the case.)

light (noun [f]: gleam in eyes) ●

• Il y avait une lumière de joie dans ses yeux ce jour-là. (There was a light of joy in his eyes that day.)

[sb]’s insight, [sb]’s wisdom (noun [f] pl: advice, guidance) ●

• J’aurais besoin de vos lumières pour résoudre ce problème technique. (I would need your insight to solve this technical problem.)

bright light, guiding light (noun [f]: very intelligent person, figurative) ●

• Ce n’est pas vraiment une lumière, mais il travaille dur. (He’s not exactly a bright light, but he works hard.)

vert [vɛʁ]

green (adjective: color) ●

• Elle portait une robe verte assortie à ses yeux. (She wore a green dress that matched her eyes.)

green (noun [m]: color) ●

• Le vert est ma couleur préférée depuis l’enfance. (Green has been my favorite color since childhood.)

green (adjective: fruit, not ripe) ●

• Ces bananes sont encore vertes, il faut attendre quelques jours. (These bananas are still green; you need to wait a few days.)

green (adjective: ecology, figurative) ●

• Le gouvernement annonce de nouvelles mesures vertes pour l’environnement. (The government is announcing new green measures for the environment.)

green, green light (noun [m]: traffic light) ●

• Attends le vert avant de traverser la rue. (Wait for the green light before crossing the street.)

green (adjective: wood, fresh) ●

• Le bois vert produit beaucoup de fumée en brûlant. (Green wood produces a lot of smoke when burning.)

countryside, somewhere green (noun [m]: nature, informal) ●

• Ce week-end, on part se mettre au vert à la campagne. (This weekend, we’re going to get away to the countryside.)

vegetation (noun [m]: fresh fodder) ●

• Les chevaux préfèrent manger du vert au printemps. (Horses prefer to eat vegetation in the spring.)

apprécier [apʁesje]

like (transitive verb: enjoy) ●

• J’apprécie énormément la cuisine de ma grand-mère. (I really like my grandmother’s cooking.)

appreciate (transitive verb: value, recognize worth) ●

• Les élèves apprécient les efforts de leur professeur. (The students appreciate their teacher’s efforts.)

like each other, like one another (reflexive verb: mutual affection) ●

• Ces deux collègues s’apprécient beaucoup depuis leur premier projet ensemble. (These two colleagues like each other a lot since their first project together.)

combat [kɔ̃ba]

fighting, combat (noun [m]: military battle) ●

• Les combats ont cessé après la signature de l’armistice. (The fighting ceased after the signing of the armistice.)

battle, fight, struggle (noun [m]: struggle for something) ●

• Son combat pour les droits des femmes a duré toute sa vie. (Her fight for women’s rights lasted her entire life.)

fight, battle, struggle (noun [m]: struggle against something) ●

• Le combat contre la pauvreté reste une priorité mondiale. (The fight against poverty remains a global priority.)

fight, struggle (noun [m]: opposition, conflict) ●

• C’est un combat permanent entre le bien et le mal. (It’s a constant struggle between good and evil.)

confrontation, sparring (noun [m]: verbal or political clash) ●

• Le combat entre les deux candidats a été particulièrement intense lors du débat. (The confrontation between the two candidates was particularly intense during the debate.)

sensible [sɑ̃sibl]

sensitive (adjective: easily affected emotionally) ●

• Elle est très sensible aux critiques et pleure facilement. (She is very sensitive to criticism and cries easily.)

sensitive (adjective: acute, keen) ●

• Ce microphone est très sensible et capte le moindre bruit. (This microphone is very sensitive and picks up the slightest noise.)

sympathetic to [sth], mindful of [sth], aware of [sth] (adjective + preposition: concerned by) ●

• Cette entreprise est sensible aux questions environnementales. (This company is mindful of environmental issues.)

appreciate, be receptive to [sth] (verb expression: value something) ●

• Je suis très sensible à votre gentillesse. (I really appreciate your kindness.)

sensitive to [sth] (adjective + preposition: physically affected by) ●

• Ma peau est sensible au soleil et brûle rapidement. (My skin is sensitive to the sun and burns quickly.)

sensitive, delicate (adjective: formal, complicated) ●

• Les négociations sur ce dossier sensible avancent lentement. (Negotiations on this sensitive matter are progressing slowly.)

noticeable, perceptible (adjective: formal, notable) ●

• On observe une amélioration sensible de la qualité de l’air. (There is a noticeable improvement in air quality.)

étudiant [etydjɑ̃]

student (noun [m]: person at university) ●

• Cette bibliothèque est ouverte aux étudiants tous les jours. (This library is open to students every day.)

student (noun as adjective: relating to students) ●

• La vie étudiante à Paris est très animée. (Student life in Paris is very lively.)

vitesse [vitɛs]

speed (noun [f]: distance over time) ●

• La vitesse maximale autorisée sur cette route est de 90 km/h. (The maximum authorized speed on this road is 90 km/h.)

speed (noun [f]: general rapidity) ●

• Il a terminé son travail à une vitesse impressionnante. (He finished his work with impressive speed.)

speed (noun [f]: time to do something) ●

• La vitesse de frappe de cette secrétaire est remarquable. (This secretary’s typing speed is remarkable.)

speed, gear (noun [f]: vehicle transmission) ●

• J’ai du mal à passer la troisième vitesse avec cette vieille voiture. (I have trouble shifting into third gear with this old car.)

malade [malad]

ill, unwell, sick (adjective: in poor health) ●

• Mon fils est malade depuis trois jours et reste au lit. (My son has been ill for three days and is staying in bed.)

ill person, sick person, patient (noun [m/f]: person in poor health) ●

• L’infirmière s’occupe des malades avec beaucoup de dévouement. (The nurse takes care of the patients with great dedication.)

uneasy, worried, anxious (adjective: uncomfortable) ●

• Il était malade à l’idée de passer cet examen important. (He was anxious at the thought of taking this important exam.)

sick (adjective: figurative, in bad shape) ●

• L’économie du pays est malade depuis plusieurs années. (The country’s economy has been sick for several years.)

crazy, insane (adjective: informal, mad) ●

• Tu es malade de conduire aussi vite sur cette route dangereuse ! (You’re crazy to drive so fast on this dangerous road!)

madman, moron (noun [m/f]: informal, crazy person) ●

• Ce malade au volant a failli provoquer un accident. (That madman behind the wheel almost caused an accident.)

obsessed, crazy, mad (adjective: informal, passionate) ●

• Mon frère est malade de jeux vidéo et y passe toutes ses nuits. (My brother is obsessed with video games and spends all his nights playing them.)

crazy (adjective: informal, fanatical) ●

• C’est un malade de cinéma qui connaît tous les films classiques. (He’s a movie nut who knows all the classic films.)

portée [pɔʀte]

litter (noun [f]: young animals) ●

• Notre chienne a eu une portée de six chiots adorables. (Our dog had a litter of six adorable puppies.)

range, reach (noun [f]: operational distance) ●

• La portée de ce réseau Wi-Fi est d’environ cinquante mètres. (The range of this Wi-Fi network is about fifty meters.)

impact, significance (noun [f]: extent of an action) ●

• Les médias n’ont pas mesuré la portée de cette décision politique. (The media did not measure the significance of this political decision.)

stave, staff (noun [f]: music notation lines) ●

• Le compositeur écrit les notes sur la portée avec précision. (The composer writes the notes on the staff with precision.)

élève [elɛv]

pupil, student (noun [m/f]: schoolchild) ●

• Les élèves de cette classe ont obtenu d’excellents résultats. (The pupils in this class achieved excellent results.)

disciple, pupil (noun [m/f]: follower of a master) ●

• Ce peintre fut l’élève de grands maîtres impressionnistes. (This painter was a pupil of great Impressionist masters.)

contrôler [kɔ̃tʀole]

check, inspect (transitive verb: verify) ●

• Le douanier a contrôlé tous les passeports des voyageurs. (The customs officer checked all the travelers’ passports.)

control, monitor (transitive verb: supervise) ●

• Cette agence contrôle la qualité de l’eau potable. (This agency monitors the quality of drinking water.)

control (transitive verb: dominate, master emotions) ●

• Elle a su contrôler sa colère pendant toute la réunion. (She managed to control her anger throughout the meeting.)

control (transitive verb: direct, master skills) ●

• Le pilote contrôle parfaitement son avion malgré la tempête. (The pilot controls his plane perfectly despite the storm.)

control, be in charge of [sth] (transitive verb: have authority over) ●

• Cette entreprise contrôle plus de la moitié du marché. (This company controls more than half of the market.)

control yourself (reflexive verb: remain composed) ●

• Malgré la provocation, il a réussi à se contrôler. (Despite the provocation, he managed to control himself.)

merci [mɛʀsi]

thank you, thanks (interjection: expression of gratitude) ●

• Merci pour ce délicieux repas ! (Thank you for this delicious meal!)

thank-you, thanks (noun [m]: word of gratitude) ●

• Je voudrais adresser un grand merci à tous mes collègues. (I would like to give a big thank-you to all my colleagues.)

thank you for [sth] (expression: gratitude for something) ●

• Merci pour ton soutien pendant cette période difficile. (Thank you for your support during this difficult time.)

thank you for doing [sth] (expression: gratitude for action) ●

• Merci d’avoir pris le temps de répondre à ma question. (Thank you for taking the time to answer my question.)

please do [sth] (expression: polite request) ●

• Merci de ne pas fumer dans cet établissement. (Please do not smoke in this establishment.)

mercy (noun [f]: formal, disposition, dependence) ●

• Le prisonnier était à la merci de ses geôliers. (The prisoner was at the mercy of his jailers.)

certainement [sɛʀtɛnmɑ̃]

certainly, for sure (adverb: assuredly, without doubt) ●

• Je viendrai certainement à ta fête d’anniversaire. (I will certainly come to your birthday party.)

definitely, certainly (interjection: affirmative response) ●

• – Peux-tu m’aider ? – Certainement ! (“Can you help me?” “Certainly!”)

must, most probably (adverb: probably, no doubt) ●

• Il a certainement oublié notre rendez-vous. (He must have forgotten our appointment.)

visite [vizit]

visit (noun [f]: going to see a person) ●

• Nous attendons la visite de nos cousins ce week-end. (We are expecting a visit from our cousins this weekend.)

visit, tour (noun [f]: of a museum, place) ●

• La visite du château dure environ deux heures. (The tour of the castle lasts about two hours.)

visit (noun [f]: in a prison, hospital) ●

• Les visites sont autorisées le dimanche après-midi seulement. (Visits are allowed on Sunday afternoons only.)

house call (noun [f]: doctor’s visit) ●

• Le médecin fait encore des visites à domicile pour les personnes âgées. (The doctor still makes house calls for elderly people.)

viewing (noun [f]: property inspection) ●

• L’agent immobilier a organisé plusieurs visites de l’appartement. (The real estate agent organized several viewings of the apartment.)

assemblée [a.sɑ̃.ble]

meeting, gathering (noun [f]: a coming together of people) ●

• L’assemblée des actionnaires a voté pour la nouvelle stratégie commerciale. (The shareholders’ meeting voted for the new business strategy.)

assembly (noun [f]: gathering of elected officials) ●

• L’assemblée a débattu pendant des heures avant de prendre une décision. (The assembly debated for hours before making a decision.)

émission [e.mi.sjɔ̃]

programme, program, show (noun [f]: broadcast content) ●

• Mon père regarde toujours la même émission de sport le dimanche soir. (My father always watches the same sports programme on Sunday evening.)

emission (noun [f]: gas, smell, light produced) ●

• Les émissions de carbone doivent être réduites pour protéger l’environnement. (Carbon emissions must be reduced to protect the environment.)

issue (noun [f]: currency put into circulation) ●

• L’émission de nouveaux billets de banque aura lieu le mois prochain. (The issue of new banknotes will take place next month.)

arrivée [a.ʁi.ve]

arrival (noun [f]: end of journey) ●

• L’arrivée de l’avion est prévue pour dix-huit heures. (The arrival of the plane is expected at six o’clock.)

arrival (noun [f]: coming of someone) ●

• L’arrivée du nouveau directeur a changé l’ambiance au bureau. (The arrival of the new director changed the atmosphere at the office.)

finish (noun [f]: end point of a race) ●

• Le coureur a franchi l’arrivée avec plusieurs minutes d’avance sur ses concurrents. (The runner crossed the finish several minutes ahead of his competitors.)

inlet, inflow (noun [f]: supply point) ●

• Le plombier a dû couper l’arrivée d’eau pour réparer la fuite. (The plumber had to shut off the water inlet to repair the leak.)

puissance [pɥi.sɑ̃s]

power (noun [f]: physical strength or force) ●

• La puissance de cette machine permet de broyer les matériaux les plus durs. (The power of this machine allows it to crush the hardest materials.)

power (noun [f]: authority or influence) ●

• La puissance du syndicat a permis d’obtenir de meilleures conditions de travail. (The power of the union made it possible to obtain better working conditions.)

power (noun [f]: country with influence) ●

• La Chine est devenue une puissance économique mondiale en quelques décennies. (China has become a world economic power in just a few decades.)

power (noun [f]: mathematics — exponent) ●

• Pour résoudre cette équation, il faut élever le nombre à la puissance trois. (To solve this equation, you need to raise the number to the power of three.)

power (noun [f]: physics — energy unit) ●

• La puissance de ce panneau solaire est de trois cents watts. (The power of this solar panel is three hundred watts.)

partenaire [paʁ.tə.nɛʁ]

partner, collaborator (noun [m/f]: someone you work with) ●

• Nous avons trouvé un partenaire fiable pour développer ce projet. (We found a reliable partner to develop this project.)

partner (noun [m/f]: someone you play with) ●

• Elle cherche un partenaire pour jouer au badminton ce week-end. (She is looking for a partner to play badminton this weekend.)

partner, dance-partner (noun [m/f]: someone you dance with) ●

• Son partenaire de danse l’a guidée avec élégance sur la piste. (Her dance partner guided her elegantly across the floor.)

partner, sexual partner (noun [m/f]: someone in an intimate relationship) ●

• Il est important de parler ouvertement avec son partenaire. (It is important to speak openly with your partner.)

partner, collaborating, associated (adjective: working together) ●

• L’entreprise partenaire a fourni les ressources nécessaires au projet. (The partner company provided the necessary resources for the project.)

contenter [kɔ̃.tɑ̃.te]

please, make happy (transitive verb: give pleasure) ●

• Ce cadeau va sûrement contenter les enfants. (This gift will surely please the children.)

be satisfied with, content yourself with, settle for (reflexive verb: accept what is available) ●

• Faute de mieux, nous nous contenterons d’une chambre simple. (For lack of anything better, we will settle for a single room.)

do little more than, confine yourself to doing (reflexive verb: limit oneself to an action) ●

• Le ministre s’est contenté de lire une déclaration sans répondre aux questions. (The minister did little more than read a statement without answering questions.)

perte [pɛʁt]

loss (noun [f]: misplacing something) ●

• La perte de son portefeuille l’a beaucoup contrarié. (The loss of his wallet upset him greatly.)

loss (noun [f]: death or bereavement) ●

• La perte de sa grand-mère l’a profondément affecté. (The loss of his grandmother deeply affected him.)

loss (noun [f]: financial deficit) ●

• L’entreprise a enregistré des pertes importantes cette année. (The company recorded significant losses this year.)

waste (noun [f]: squandering of resources) ●

• Cette réunion était une perte de temps totale. (This meeting was a total waste of time.)

ruin, undoing (noun [f]: downfall) ●

• Son arrogance a causé sa perte. (His arrogance caused his ruin.)

libéral [li.be.ʁal]

liberal (adjective: free-thinking) ●

• Ce professeur est connu pour ses idées libérales sur l’éducation. (This teacher is known for his liberal ideas on education.)

liberal, permissive (adjective: tolerant, lenient) ●

• Ses parents sont très libéraux et lui laissent beaucoup de liberté. (His parents are very permissive and give him a lot of freedom.)

liberal, freelance, self-employed (adjective: profession — non-salaried) ●

• Elle exerce une profession libérale comme avocate indépendante. (She practises a liberal profession as an independent lawyer.)

free-market (adjective: economics — non-interventionist) ●

• Les politiques libérales favorisent la réduction des impôts et de la réglementation. (Free-market policies favour the reduction of taxes and regulations.)

libertarian (noun [m/f]: person favouring individual liberties) ●

• Ce candidat se présente comme un libéral convaincu. (This candidate presents himself as a convinced libertarian.)

broad-minded person (noun [m/f]: tolerant individual) ●

• En tant que libérale, elle accepte les opinions différentes des siennes. (As a broad-minded person, she accepts opinions different from her own.)

free-marketeer, liberal (noun [m/f]: supporter of non-interventionism) ●

• Les libéraux s’opposent à une intervention excessive de l’État dans l’économie. (Free-marketeers oppose excessive state intervention in the economy.)

self-employed person, freelancer (noun [m/f]: non-salaried worker) ●

• Ce libéral travaille depuis son domicile et gère ses propres horaires. (This self-employed person works from home and manages his own schedule.)

citoyen [si.twa.jɛ̃]

citizen (noun [m/f]: national of a country) ●

• Tout citoyen a le droit de voter aux élections. (Every citizen has the right to vote in elections.)

citizens’, civic (adjective: relating to citizens) ●

• Cette initiative citoyenne vise à améliorer la propreté des rues. (This citizens’ initiative aims to improve the cleanliness of the streets.)

citizen (noun [m/f]: antiquity — person with right of citizenship) ●

• Dans la Grèce antique, seuls les citoyens pouvaient participer à la vie politique. (In ancient Greece, only citizens could participate in political life.)

civic-minded, public-spirited (adjective: showing good citizenship) ●

• Son comportement citoyen lors de la crise a été salué par tous. (His civic-minded behaviour during the crisis was praised by everyone.)

citer [si.te]

quote, cite (transitive verb: repeat someone’s words) ●

• L’avocat a cité plusieurs témoins pour appuyer son argument. (The lawyer quoted several witnesses to support his argument.)

quote, cite (transitive verb: mention a passage) ●

• Le professeur a cité un extrait de ce roman célèbre. (The teacher quoted an extract from this famous novel.)

name, list (transitive verb: enumerate) ●

• Pouvez-vous citer les capitales de tous les pays européens ? (Can you name the capitals of all European countries?)

nominate, put forward (transitive verb: recommend for distinction) ●

• Le général a cité ce soldat à l’ordre de la nation pour sa bravoure. (The general nominated this soldier for national distinction for his bravery.)

influence [ɛ̃flyɑ̃s]

influence (noun [f]: power to modify) ●

• L’influence de la lune sur les marées est un phénomène bien documenté. (The influence of the moon on the tides is a well-documented phenomenon.)

influence (noun [f]: power over someone) ●

• Les parents exercent une grande influence sur leurs enfants. (Parents have a great influence over their children.)

camp [kɑ̃]

camp (noun [m]: temporary installation) ●

• Les randonneurs ont installé leur camp près de la rivière. (The hikers set up their camp near the river.)

side, party (noun [m]: faction) ●

• Pendant le débat, chaque camp a défendu ses arguments avec conviction. (During the debate, each side defended its arguments with conviction.)

établissement [etablismɑ̃]

establishment (noun [m]: business premises) ●

• Cet établissement commercial est réputé pour la qualité de ses produits. (This commercial establishment is known for the quality of its products.)

establishment, implementation, setting up (noun [m]: putting in place) ●

• L’établissement de nouvelles règles de sécurité prendra plusieurs semaines. (The implementation of new safety rules will take several weeks.)

establishment (noun [m]: enactment) ●

• L’établissement de cette loi a été voté à l’unanimité par le parlement. (The establishment of this law was unanimously passed by parliament.)

preparation, drawing up (noun [m]: action of providing) ●

• L’établissement du budget annuel nécessite plusieurs réunions. (The preparation of the annual budget requires several meetings.)

settling, installation (noun [m]: action of installing) ●

• L’établissement des réfugiés dans les nouveaux logements a pris du temps. (Settling the refugees into the new housing took time.)

vendredi [vɑ̃dʀədi]

Friday (noun [m]: day after Thursday) ●

• Je termine toujours mes rapports le vendredi avant de partir en week-end. (I always finish my reports on Friday before leaving for the weekend.)

avance [avɑ̃s]

lead, head start (noun [f]: progression) ●

• Le coureur a pris une avance considérable sur ses concurrents. (The runner took a considerable lead over his competitors.)

advance (noun [f]: money lent in advance) ●

• Elle a demandé une avance sur son salaire pour payer son loyer. (She asked for an advance on her salary to pay her rent.)

lead, ahead, fast (noun [f]: being earlier than expected) ●

• Le train est arrivé avec dix minutes d’avance sur l’horaire prévu. (The train arrived ten minutes ahead of the scheduled time.)

head start, advantage (noun [f]: being more advanced) ●

• Son expérience lui donne une avance sur les autres candidats. (His experience gives him a head start over the other candidates.)

advances, overtures (noun [f] pl: romantic proposition) ●

• Elle a poliment repoussé ses avances au cours de la soirée. (She politely rejected his advances during the evening.)

destiner [dɛstine]

reserve [sth] for [sth], earmark [sth] for [sth] (transitive verb: determine for a use) ●

• Nous destinons ces fonds à la rénovation du bâtiment principal. (We are reserving these funds for the renovation of the main building.)

intend [sth] for [sb], aim [sth] at [sb] (transitive verb: address) ●

• Ce message est destiné aux personnes qui n’ont pas encore voté. (This message is intended for people who have not yet voted.)

destine [sb] for [sth] (transitive verb: reserve in advance) ●

• Ses parents le destinaient à une carrière dans la médecine. (His parents destined him for a career in medicine.)

reserve [sth/sb] for [sb], have [sth] in store for [sb] (transitive verb: prepare) ●

• Personne ne sait ce que le destin nous destine. (Nobody knows what fate has in store for us.)

choose a career in [sth], commit yourself to [sth] (reflexive verb: pursue a profession) ●

• Après mûre réflexion, elle s’est destinée à l’enseignement. (After careful thought, she chose a career in teaching.)

causer [koze]

cause, bring about (transitive verb: provoke) ●

• La tempête a causé d’importants dégâts dans toute la région. (The storm caused significant damage throughout the region.)

chat, talk (intransitive verb: converse) ●

• Les voisins aiment causer ensemble devant leurs maisons le soir. (The neighbours like to chat together in front of their houses in the evening.)

speak, talk (intransitive verb: speak, colloquial) ●

• Il cause tellement vite qu’on ne comprend pas la moitié de ce qu’il dit. (He speaks so fast that you don’t understand half of what he says.)

nord [nɔʀ]

north (noun [m]: cardinal point) ●

• La boussole indique toujours le nord magnétique. (The compass always points to magnetic north.)

north (noun [m]: place to the north of another) ●

• Ma famille habite dans le nord de la France, près de Lille. (My family lives in the north of France, near Lille.)

north (noun [m]: northward orientation) ●

• Cette chambre est exposée au nord et reste fraîche en été. (This room faces north and stays cool in summer.)

north, northern (adjective: in the north of something) ●

• La façade nord du bâtiment reçoit peu de lumière directe. (The north side of the building receives little direct light.)

north, northerly (adjective: coming from the north) ●

• Un vent nord glacial soufflait sur la côte ce matin-là. (A freezing northerly wind was blowing on the coast that morning.)

north, north of France, northern France (noun [m]: northern France) ●

• Les gens du Nord sont réputés pour leur convivialité. (People from the north of France are known for their friendliness.)

Nord (noun [m]: French department) ●

• Le Nord est le département le plus peuplé de France. (Nord is the most populated department in France.)

north, northern hemisphere (noun [m]: countries of the northern hemisphere) ●

• Les pays du Nord connaissent des hivers plus rigoureux. (Countries in the northern hemisphere experience harsher winters.)

north (noun [m]: industrialized countries, figurative) ●

• Les relations entre le Nord et le Sud restent un sujet de débat international. (Relations between the North and the South remain a subject of international debate.)

lundi [lœ̃di]

Monday (noun [m]: day after Sunday) ●

• La réunion est prévue pour lundi prochain à neuf heures. (The meeting is scheduled for next Monday at nine o’clock.)

maître [mɛtʀ]

master, owner (noun [m/f]: owner of an animal) ●

• Le chien suivait fidèlement son maître dans toutes ses promenades. (The dog faithfully followed his master on all his walks.)

teacher, schoolteacher (noun [m/f]: primary school teacher) ●

• La maîtresse a expliqué la leçon avec beaucoup de patience. (The teacher explained the lesson with great patience.)

master (noun [m]: expert craftsperson) ●

• Ce peintre est considéré comme un maître de l’impressionnisme. (This painter is considered a master of impressionism.)

major, main, key (adjective: very important) ●

• La confiance est l’élément maître d’une relation réussie. (Trust is the key element of a successful relationship.)

Miss (interjection: address for female teacher) ●

• Maîtresse, j’ai terminé mon exercice ! (Miss, I’ve finished my exercise!)

Maître + [name] (noun [m]: address for lawyer) ●

• Maître Dupont assurera votre défense lors du procès. (Maître Dupont will handle your defence at the trial.)

master (noun [m]: distinguished artisan) ●

• Il a obtenu le titre de maître boulanger après vingt ans de pratique. (He obtained the title of master baker after twenty years of practice.)

hero, guru (noun [m]: admired person) ●

• En matière de cuisine italienne, ma grand-mère est mon maître. (When it comes to Italian cooking, my grandmother is my guru.)

interroger [ɛ̃.tɛ.ʁɔ.ʒe]

question, ask [sb] questions (transitive verb: ask questions) ●

• La journaliste a interrogé plusieurs témoins de l’accident. (The journalist questioned several witnesses of the accident.)

test, quiz, examine (transitive verb: check knowledge) ●

• Le professeur interrogera les élèves sur les verbes irréguliers demain. (The teacher will test the students on irregular verbs tomorrow.)

ask (transitive verb: request information) ●

• Vous pouvez interroger notre service technique pour toute question. (You can ask our technical service for any questions.)

wonder about [sth], ask yourself [sth] (reflexive verb: question oneself) ●

• Elle s’interroge sur l’avenir de son entreprise. (She wonders about the future of her company.)

question, interrogate (transitive verb: police questioning) ●

• Les enquêteurs ont interrogé le suspect pendant plusieurs heures. (The investigators interrogated the suspect for several hours.)

wonder, be unable to decide (reflexive verb: hesitate) ●

• Je m’interroge encore sur le choix entre ces deux offres d’emploi. (I’m still unable to decide between these two job offers.)

conférence [kɔ̃.fe.ʁɑ̃s]

convention, conference, congress (noun [f]: professional gathering) ●

• La conférence annuelle sur l’intelligence artificielle attire des chercheurs du monde entier. (The annual conference on artificial intelligence attracts researchers from around the world.)

conference, meeting (noun [f]: formal gathering) ●

• Le ministre a convoqué une conférence de presse pour annoncer les nouvelles mesures. (The minister called a press conference to announce the new measures.)

provoquer [pʁɔ.vɔ.ke]

cause, provoke (transitive verb: be the cause of) ●

• La tempête a provoqué de nombreuses coupures de courant dans la région. (The storm caused numerous power outages in the region.)

bring [sth] about, prompt (transitive verb: trigger) ●

• Cette découverte a provoqué un changement radical dans la recherche médicale. (This discovery brought about a radical change in medical research.)

provoke (transitive verb: challenge someone) ●

• Il cherchait à provoquer son adversaire pour le faire sortir de ses gonds. (He was trying to provoke his opponent to make him lose his temper.)

arouse, inflame (transitive verb: excite desire) ●

• Sa tenue était clairement destinée à provoquer l’attention. (Her outfit was clearly intended to arouse attention.)

vente [vɑ̃t]

sales, selling (noun [f]: commercial activity) ●

• Elle travaille dans la vente depuis plus de dix ans. (She has been working in sales for more than ten years.)

sale, selling (noun [f]: act of selling) ●

• La vente de cette voiture m’a permis d’acheter un nouveau vélo. (The sale of this car allowed me to buy a new bike.)

selling, commerce (noun [f]: trade) ●

• La vente sur Internet a transformé les habitudes des consommateurs. (Online selling has transformed consumer habits.)

sale contract (noun [f]: property transaction) ●

• La vente de l’appartement sera finalisée chez le notaire la semaine prochaine. (The sale contract for the apartment will be finalized at the notary’s office next week.)

auction, auction room (noun [f]: public sale venue) ●

• J’ai trouvé ce tableau magnifique dans une vente aux enchères locale. (I found this magnificent painting at a local auction.)

ramener [ʁam(ə)ne]

take [sb] back (transitive verb: bring again) ●

• Je dois ramener les enfants à l’école après le rendez-vous médical. (I have to take the children back to school after the medical appointment.)

take [sb] back, drive [sb] back (transitive verb: escort someone home) ●

• Il m’a proposé de me ramener chez moi après la fête. (He offered to take me back home after the party.)

bring (transitive verb: bring something from home) ●

• J’ai ramené des croissants pour le petit-déjeuner. (I brought some croissants for breakfast.)

bring [sth] back (transitive verb: return something) ●

• N’oublie pas de me ramener mon livre quand tu auras fini de le lire. (Don’t forget to bring back my book when you’ve finished reading it.)

bring [sb] back, lead [sb] back (transitive verb: return to a topic) ●

• Cette remarque nous ramène au sujet principal de notre discussion. (This remark brings us back to the main topic of our discussion.)

bring [sth] back with you (transitive verb: return something intangible) ●

• Les vacanciers ont ramené le soleil avec eux en rentrant. (The holidaymakers brought the sunshine back with them upon returning.)

turn up, roll up (reflexive verb: arrive informally) ●

• Il s’est ramené à la soirée sans prévenir personne. (He turned up at the party without telling anyone.)

be reduced to (reflexive verb: simplify) ●

• Ce problème complexe peut se ramener à une simple équation. (This complex problem can be reduced to a simple equation.)

soldat [sɔl.da]

soldier, airman (noun [m]: military personnel) ●

• Le soldat a été décoré pour son courage lors de la mission. (The soldier was decorated for his courage during the mission.)

collègue [kɔ.lɛɡ]

colleague, coworker, workmate (noun [m/f]: person at same workplace) ●

• Ma collègue de bureau m’a aidé à terminer le rapport avant la date limite. (My office colleague helped me finish the report before the deadline.)

colleague, coworker (noun [m/f]: professional peer) ●

• Je vais présenter ce projet avec mes collègues de Marseille. (I’m going to present this project with my colleagues from Marseille.)

concevoir [kɔ̃.sə.vwaʁ]

design, devise (transitive verb: create) ●

• L’architecte a conçu un bâtiment écologique révolutionnaire. (The architect designed a revolutionary ecological building.)

see, perceive (transitive verb: envision figuratively) ●

• Je ne conçois pas le bonheur sans la liberté. (I don’t see happiness without freedom.)

understand, appreciate (transitive verb: comprehend) ●

• Je conçois parfaitement que vous soyez déçu par cette décision. (I fully understand that you are disappointed by this decision.)

be conceived, be devised (reflexive verb: be prepared) ●

• Une stratégie efficace ne se conçoit pas en quelques minutes. (An effective strategy is not conceived in a few minutes.)

be understandable, be conceivable (reflexive verb: be comprehensible) ●

• Sa réaction se conçoit aisément vu les circonstances. (His reaction is easily understandable given the circumstances.)

have, feel (transitive verb: experience emotion) ●

• Elle conçoit une grande admiration pour ce scientifique. (She has great admiration for this scientist.)

conceive, have (transitive verb: procreate) ●

• Ils ont conçu leur premier enfant après deux ans de mariage. (They conceived their first child after two years of marriage.)

procéder [pʁɔ.se.de]

proceed (intransitive verb: act in a certain way) ●

• Pour résoudre ce problème, il faut procéder avec méthode. (To solve this problem, you must proceed methodically.)

proceed to do [sth], carry [sth] out (indirect transitive verb: perform) ●

• La mairie va procéder à la rénovation complète du centre-ville. (The town hall will proceed with the complete renovation of the city center.)

proceed from [sth], be derived from [sth] (indirect transitive verb: originate from) ●

• Cette philosophie procède de traditions orientales anciennes. (This philosophy proceeds from ancient Eastern traditions.)

poids [pwa]

weight (noun [m]: body mass measurement) ●

• Elle vérifie son poids chaque semaine pour suivre sa progression. (She checks her weight every week to track her progress.)

weight (noun [m]: mass of an object) ●

• Le poids de cette valise dépasse la limite autorisée par la compagnie aérienne. (The weight of this suitcase exceeds the limit allowed by the airline.)

weight, load (noun [m]: heavy burden) ●

• L’étagère s’est effondrée sous le poids des livres. (The shelf collapsed under the weight of the books.)

weight, shot (noun [m]: sports equipment) ●

• L’athlète s’entraîne chaque jour à soulever des poids de plus en plus lourds. (The athlete trains every day to lift heavier and heavier weights.)

shot put (noun [m]: athletic discipline) ●

• Il a remporté la médaille d’or au poids lors des championnats nationaux. (He won the gold medal in shot put at the national championships.)

voici [vwasi]

here is, this is (preposition: introduces) ●

• Voici les documents que vous avez demandés. (Here are the documents you requested.)

this is, here is (preposition: indicates proximity) ●

• Voici l’entrée principale du musée. (This is the main entrance to the museum.)

here + [pronoun + be] (preposition: marks current state) ●

• Me voici enfin arrivé après huit heures de route. (Here I am, finally arrived after eight hours on the road.)

here is, here we have (preposition: about to detail something) ●

• Voici les raisons pour lesquelles je refuse cette offre. (Here are the reasons why I am refusing this offer.)

have been, it is + [duration], ago (preposition: indicates duration) ●

• Voici trois ans que nous habitons dans cette ville. (We have been living in this city for three years.)

acquérir [akeʀiʀ]

buy, purchase, acquire (transitive verb: obtain property) ●

• Ils ont décidé d’acquérir un appartement dans le centre-ville. (They decided to buy an apartment in the city centre.)

acquire, gain (transitive verb: obtain a quality) ●

• Elle a acquis une solide expérience en gestion de projet. (She has acquired solid experience in project management.)

acquire, take on (transitive verb: gain importance) ●

• Ce tableau a acquis une valeur considérable au fil des années. (This painting has acquired considerable value over the years.)

earn, earn yourself, acquire (reflexive verb: obtain for oneself) ●

• Il s’est acquis le respect de tous ses collègues par son travail acharné. (He earned the respect of all his colleagues through his hard work.)

moindre [mwɛ̃dʀ]

lower (adjective: less important) ●

• Ce produit offre une qualité égale à un prix moindre. (This product offers equal quality at a lower price.)

the lesser, lesser, least (adjective: the least important part) ●

• Face à ces deux options difficiles, il a choisi le moindre mal. (Faced with these two difficult options, he chose the lesser evil.)

convenir [kɔ̃vniʀ]

be suitable for, be suited to, suit (indirect transitive verb: be appropriate for something) ●

• Ces vêtements conviennent parfaitement à une randonnée en montagne. (These clothes are perfectly suitable for a mountain hike.)

be suited to, be convenient for, be suitable for (indirect transitive verb: be appropriate for someone’s needs) ●

• Cet appartement de plain-pied convient à son handicap. (This ground-floor flat is suited to his disability.)

be right for, be suitable for, suit (indirect transitive verb: be in conformity) ●

• Elle a su trouver les mots qui convenaient à la situation. (She managed to find the words that were right for the situation.)

suit (indirect transitive verb: be good for someone) ●

• Cette date vous convient-elle pour notre réunion ? (Does this date suit you for our meeting?)

admit, acknowledge, agree (indirect transitive verb: admit something) ●

• Tu dois convenir que tu as commis une erreur. (You must admit that you made a mistake.)

admit to, own up to, face up to (indirect transitive verb: acknowledge) ●

• Elle a finalement convenu de ses torts dans cette affaire. (She finally admitted to her wrongdoing in this matter.)

agree to, agree on (indirect transitive verb: reach agreement on) ●

• Les deux parties ont convenu d’un calendrier pour les négociations. (The two parties agreed on a schedule for the negotiations.)

agree to do (indirect transitive verb: reach agreement to do) ●

• Nous avons convenu de nous retrouver devant le cinéma à vingt heures. (We agreed to meet in front of the cinema at eight o’clock.)

be well suited, be well matched, suit each other (reflexive verb: be compatible) ●

• Ces deux associés se conviennent parfaitement et travaillent en harmonie. (These two partners are well suited and work in harmony.)

logique [lɔʒik]

logical (adjective: expected consequence) ●

• Sa promotion était la suite logique de ses excellentes performances. (His promotion was the logical outcome of his excellent performances.)

logical, sensible, reasonable (adjective: conforming to good sense) ●

• Ta décision de refuser cette offre est tout à fait logique. (Your decision to refuse this offer is perfectly sensible.)

consistent (adjective: coherent) ●

• Son argumentation n’est pas logique : elle se contredit sans cesse. (Her argument is not consistent: she constantly contradicts herself.)

logic (noun [f]: science of reasoning) ●

• La logique est une discipline fondamentale en philosophie. (Logic is a fundamental discipline in philosophy.)

logic (noun [f]: coherence) ●

• Il y a une certaine logique dans l’organisation de ce rapport. (There is a certain logic in the organization of this report.)

logic, reasoning, rationale, mindset, mentality (noun [f]: way of reasoning) ●

• Je ne comprends pas la logique de mes parents sur ce sujet. (I don’t understand my parents’ reasoning on this subject.)

logical sequence, normal course (noun [f]: chain of events) ●

• Ce qui lui arrive est dans la logique des choses après tant d’efforts. (What is happening to him is part of the normal course of events after so much effort.)

examiner [ɛɡzamine]

examine, investigate, look into, study (transitive verb: consider carefully) ●

• Le comité va examiner toutes les candidatures reçues. (The committee will examine all the applications received.)

examine, test (transitive verb: test a candidate) ●

• Le jury examinera les candidats sur leurs connaissances en histoire. (The jury will examine the candidates on their knowledge of history.)

examine (transitive verb: medical diagnosis) ●

• Le médecin a examiné l’enfant et n’a rien trouvé d’inquiétant. (The doctor examined the child and found nothing concerning.)

soin [swɛ̃]

care, pains, attention (noun [m]: carefulness, meticulousness) ●

• Elle prépare chaque repas avec un soin particulier. (She prepares each meal with particular care.)

care, pains, meticulousness, precision (noun [m]: tidiness) ●

• Le soin apporté à la rédaction de ce document est remarquable. (The care given to the writing of this document is remarkable.)

treatment (noun [m]: act of treating medically) ●

• Les soins prodigués aux blessés ont permis de sauver plusieurs vies. (The treatment given to the injured saved several lives.)

job, task (noun [m]: responsibility) ●

• Je te laisse le soin de prévenir les autres membres de l’équipe. (I leave you the task of informing the other team members.)

care (noun [m]: cosmetic product or treatment) ●

• Ce magasin propose une large gamme de soins pour le visage. (This shop offers a wide range of facial care products.)

mesurer [məzyʀe]

be X (long/tall/wide/deep), measure (intransitive verb: have as dimension) ●

• Cette table mesure deux mètres de long sur un mètre de large. (This table is two metres long by one metre wide.)

measure (transitive verb: calculate length) ●

• L’architecte mesure les dimensions de la pièce avant de dessiner les plans. (The architect measures the dimensions of the room before drawing the plans.)

measure (transitive verb: calculate height of a person) ●

• L’infirmière mesure les enfants lors de la visite médicale annuelle. (The nurse measures the children during the annual medical check-up.)

measure, determine, estimate (transitive verb: evaluate importance) ●

• Il est difficile de mesurer l’impact de cette décision sur l’économie. (It is difficult to measure the impact of this decision on the economy.)

measure yourself (reflexive verb: take one’s own measurements) ●

• Elle s’est mesurée pour commander sa robe de mariée en ligne. (She measured herself to order her wedding dress online.)

limit, constrain, restrict, ration (transitive verb: give sparingly) ●

• L’entreprise mesure les ressources allouées à ce projet. (The company limits the resources allocated to this project.)

tackle, confront, stand up to, go up against (reflexive verb: compete with) ●

• L’équipe locale va se mesurer aux champions nationaux ce week-end. (The local team will go up against the national champions this weekend.)

calm down, control yourself, maintain a measured tone (reflexive verb: moderate oneself) ●

• Malgré la provocation, il a réussi à se mesurer durant tout le débat. (Despite the provocation, he managed to control himself throughout the debate.)

traitement [tʀɛtmɑ̃]

treatment (noun [m]: medical method) ●

• Le médecin lui a prescrit un traitement antibiotique de dix jours. (The doctor prescribed him a ten-day antibiotic treatment.)

treatment for, cure for, remedy for (noun [m]: curative method for specific condition) ●

• Les chercheurs travaillent sur un nouveau traitement contre le cancer. (Researchers are working on a new treatment for cancer.)

treatment, processing (noun [m]: industrial transformation process) ●

• Le traitement des déchets industriels nécessite des installations spécialisées. (The processing of industrial waste requires specialized facilities.)

treatment (noun [m]: conditions of being treated) ●

• Le traitement réservé aux réfugiés dans ce camp est inacceptable. (The treatment of refugees in this camp is unacceptable.)

treatment (noun [m]: care of plants) ●

• Le jardinier applique un traitement biologique contre les pucerons. (The gardener applies a biological treatment against aphids.)

jeudi [ʒødi]

Thursday, on Thursday, on Thursdays (noun [m]: day after Wednesday) ●

• Nous avons rendez-vous chez le dentiste jeudi prochain. (We have an appointment at the dentist next Thursday.)

impliquer [ɛ̃plike]

involve, entail (transitive verb: require) ●

• Devenir médecin implique de longues années d’études. (Becoming a doctor involves many years of study.)

involve, entail, mean (transitive verb: have as consequence) ●

• Accepter ce poste implique de déménager à l’étranger. (Accepting this position means relocating abroad.)

be involved, get involved (reflexive verb: commit oneself) ●

• Les bénévoles se sont beaucoup impliqués dans l’organisation du festival. (The volunteers got very involved in organizing the festival.)

implicate, involve (transitive verb: designate as responsible) ●

• Les documents retrouvés impliquent plusieurs responsables politiques dans l’affaire. (The documents found implicate several political officials in the case.)

science [sjɑ̃s]

science (noun [f]: body of knowledge) ●

• Les progrès de la science ont transformé notre quotidien. (Advances in science have transformed our daily lives.)

sciences, science (noun [f] pl: study of facts) ●

• Elle a obtenu un diplôme en sciences à l’université de Lyon. (She obtained a degree in science at the University of Lyon.)

science, sciences (noun [f] pl: academic subjects) ●

• Mon fils préfère les sciences aux matières littéraires. (My son prefers science to literary subjects.)

knowledge, learning, science of (noun [f]: expertise) ●

• La science des anciens philosophes continue d’inspirer les penseurs modernes. (The knowledge of ancient philosophers continues to inspire modern thinkers.)

individu [ɛ̃dividy]

individual, person (noun [m]: single person) ●

• Chaque individu possède des droits fondamentaux inaliénables. (Every individual possesses inalienable fundamental rights.)

individual, subject (noun [m]: element of statistical group) ●

• L’étude porte sur un échantillon de cinq cents individus. (The study covers a sample of five hundred individuals.)

body, anatomy (noun [m]: physical person, informal) ●

• Il a reçu un coup dans la partie inférieure de son individu. (He received a blow to the lower part of his anatomy.)

donnée [dɔne]

data, fact, figure (noun [f]: piece of information) ●

• Nous avons besoin de plus de données pour finaliser le rapport. (We need more data to finalize the report.)

data (noun [f]: digital information) ●

• L’entreprise protège les données personnelles de ses clients. (The company protects its customers’ personal data.)

detail, data, element (noun [f]: component) ●

• Il faut analyser toutes les données du problème avant de prendre une décision. (All the details of the problem must be analyzed before making a decision.)

demi [dəmi]

half- (prefix: half of something) ●

• Elle a ajouté une demi-cuillère de sel à la sauce. (She added half a teaspoon of salt to the sauce.)

and a half (adjective: plus half of the unit) ●

• Le bébé a maintenant six mois et demi. (The baby is now six and a half months old.)

half past (adjective: thirty minutes past the hour) ●

• Le train part à trois heures et demie. (The train leaves at half past three.)

demi, half a pint (noun [m]: glass of beer) ●

• Je prendrai un demi de blonde, s’il vous plaît. (I’ll have a half pint of lager, please.)

half a litre, half-litre (noun [m]: half litre of wine) ●

• Nous avons commandé un demi de rosé pour accompagner le repas. (We ordered half a litre of rosé to accompany the meal.)

half-back (noun [m/f]: sports player) ●

• Le demi a effectué une passe décisive en fin de match. (The half-back made a decisive pass at the end of the match.)

combattre [kɔ̃batʀ]

combat, fight, fight against (transitive verb: oppose) ●

• L’association combat les inégalités sociales depuis des décennies. (The organization has been fighting social inequalities for decades.)

fight (transitive verb: struggle against) ●

• Les pompiers combattent l’incendie depuis plusieurs heures. (The firefighters have been fighting the fire for several hours.)

fight (intransitive verb: engage in battle) ●

• Les résistants combattaient pour libérer leur pays de l’occupation. (The resistance fighters fought to free their country from occupation.)

fight (reflexive verb: be at war with someone) ●

• Les deux nations se sont combattues pendant près de cent ans. (The two nations fought each other for nearly a hundred years.)

violent [vjɔlɑ̃]

violent (adjective: aggressive) ●

• Le suspect est connu pour être violent envers ses voisins. (The suspect is known to be violent towards his neighbors.)

violent, brutal (adjective: depicting brutality) ●

• Ce jeu vidéo contient des scènes trop violentes pour les enfants. (This video game contains scenes that are too violent for children.)

violent (adjective: vigorous, intense) ●

• Ils ont eu une dispute violente au sujet de l’héritage. (They had a violent argument about the inheritance.)

violent, strong, hard, fierce (adjective: sudden, forceful) ●

• Une rafale de vent violente a arraché plusieurs toitures. (A violent gust of wind tore off several roofs.)

violent (adjective: unnatural death) ●

• L’autopsie a révélé que la victime avait subi une mort violente. (The autopsy revealed that the victim suffered a violent death.)

comporter [kɔ̃pɔʀte]

comprise, contain, include, consist of, have (transitive verb: be made up of) ●

• L’examen comporte trois parties distinctes. (The exam comprises three distinct parts.)

behave, behave yourself (reflexive verb: conduct oneself) ●

• Les invités se sont comportés de manière exemplaire pendant la cérémonie. (The guests behaved in an exemplary manner during the ceremony.)

involve, entail, bring (transitive verb: induce, figurative) ●

• Ce métier comporte de nombreux avantages mais aussi des inconvénients. (This profession involves many advantages but also disadvantages.)

perform (reflexive verb: react, of objects) ●

• Ce nouveau pneu se comporte remarquablement bien sur route mouillée. (This new tire performs remarkably well on wet roads.)

suivant [sɥivɑ̃]

next (adjective: coming after) ●

• Veuillez tourner à la page suivante pour continuer l’exercice. (Please turn to the next page to continue the exercise.)

next, following (adjective: succeeding someone) ●

• Le client suivant peut s’approcher du guichet. (The next customer may approach the counter.)

next, next person, following (noun [m/f]: person who comes after) ●

• Que le suivant entre dans le cabinet du médecin. (Let the next person enter the doctor’s office.)

the following, as follows (noun: what comes next) ●

• Ma position est la suivante : nous devons agir immédiatement. (My position is as follows: we must act immediately.)

depending on, in accordance with, according to, as per (preposition: based on) ●

• Les tarifs varient suivant la saison et le nombre de personnes. (Prices vary depending on the season and the number of people.)

according to (preposition: as stated by) ●

• Suivant les experts, la situation devrait s’améliorer d’ici quelques mois. (According to the experts, the situation should improve within a few months.)

mériter [meʀite]

deserve, merit, warrant (transitive verb: earn the right to) ●

• Après tant d’efforts, elle mérite vraiment cette promotion. (After so much effort, she truly deserves this promotion.)

deserve to do (verb phrase: earn the right to do something) ●

• Vous avez travaillé dur toute l’année, vous méritez de prendre des vacances. (You worked hard all year; you deserve to take a vacation.)

merit, deserve (transitive verb: require, call for) ●

• Cette proposition mérite une analyse approfondie avant toute décision. (This proposal merits a thorough analysis before any decision.)

have to be earned, must be earned (reflexive verb: require effort) ●

• La confiance des clients se mérite au fil du temps. (Customer trust has to be earned over time.)

emprunter [ɑ̃pʀœ̃te]

borrow (transitive verb: get something on loan) ●

• Ma sœur m’a emprunté mon vélo pour aller au travail. (My sister borrowed my bike to go to work.)

borrow [sth] from [sb] (transitive verb + prep: get something on loan from someone) ●

• J’ai emprunté ce livre à mon professeur d’histoire. (I borrowed this book from my history teacher.)

borrow (transitive verb: obtain a bank loan) ●

• Ils ont dû emprunter une grosse somme pour financer leurs études. (They had to borrow a large sum to finance their studies.)

take, follow (transitive verb: use a path or route) ●

• Pour éviter les embouteillages, nous avons emprunté une petite route de campagne. (To avoid traffic jams, we took a small country road.)

take, borrow (transitive verb: draw from someone else) ●

• Le compositeur emprunte des mélodies au folklore traditionnel. (The composer takes melodies from traditional folklore.)

conscience [kɔ̃sjɑ̃s]

awareness, consciousness (noun [f]: way of apprehending reality) ●

• L’accident lui a donné conscience de la fragilité de la vie. (The accident gave him an awareness of the fragility of life.)

conscience (noun [f]: moral sense) ●

• Sa conscience l’empêchait de mentir à ses parents. (His conscience prevented him from lying to his parents.)

consciousness (noun [f]: state of being awake) ●

• Le patient a repris conscience après plusieurs heures d’anesthésie. (The patient regained consciousness after several hours of anesthesia.)

knowledge of the facts (noun [f]: informed awareness) ●

• Elle a signé le contrat en toute conscience des risques impliqués. (She signed the contract in full knowledge of the risks involved.)

conscientiousness (noun [f]: sense of duty) ●

• Il accomplit son travail avec beaucoup de conscience professionnelle. (He carries out his work with great conscientiousness.)

traduire [tʀadɥiʀ]

translate (transitive verb: express in another language) ●

• Elle traduit des romans anglais en français pour une maison d’édition. (She translates English novels into French for a publishing house.)

translate [sth] into [sth] (transitive verb + prep: render in another language) ●

• Le diplomate traduit le discours en trois langues simultanément. (The diplomat translates the speech into three languages simultaneously.)

translate [sth] as [sth], translate [sth] with [sth] (transitive verb + prep: render with a specific term) ●

• Comment traduirais-tu ce terme technique par un mot plus courant ? (How would you translate this technical term with a more common word?)

express, convey, show (transitive verb: express emotions) ●

• Son sourire traduisait une profonde satisfaction. (His smile conveyed a deep satisfaction.)

translate into [sth], manifest as [sth] (reflexive verb: be manifested) ●

• Le stress se traduit souvent par des troubles du sommeil. (Stress often manifests as sleep disorders.)

sang [sɑ̃]

blood (noun [m]: vital fluid) ●

• L’infirmière a prélevé du sang pour effectuer les analyses. (The nurse drew blood to carry out the tests.)

millier [milje]

a thousand, one thousand (noun [m]: 1,000) ●

• Un millier de personnes ont assisté à l’inauguration du musée. (A thousand people attended the museum’s opening.)

thousands of [sth] (noun [m] pl: several thousands) ●

• Des milliers d’oiseaux migrateurs traversent cette région chaque automne. (Thousands of migratory birds cross this region every autumn.)

thousands (noun [m] pl: sum of money) ●

• Ce collectionneur dépense des milliers pour des pièces rares. (This collector spends thousands on rare items.)

emporter [ɑ̃pɔʀte]

take (transitive verb: take with oneself) ●

• N’oublie pas d’emporter ton parapluie, il va pleuvoir. (Don’t forget to take your umbrella, it’s going to rain.)

take (transitive verb: move with oneself) ●

• Les déménageurs emportent les cartons dans le camion. (The movers are taking the boxes to the truck.)

lose your temper (reflexive verb: lose one’s composure) ●

• Elle s’emporte facilement quand on critique son travail. (She loses her temper easily when her work is criticized.)

take [sth] away, blow [sth] away, carry [sth] away (transitive verb: transport by force) ●

• La tempête a emporté plusieurs toitures dans le village. (The storm blew away several roofs in the village.)

carry [sb] off, take (transitive verb: cause death) ●

• Une longue maladie a fini par emporter notre grand-père. (A long illness finally carried off our grandfather.)

initiative [inisjativ]

initiative (noun [f]: idea or project) ●

• Cette initiative écologique a reçu le soutien de toute la communauté. (This ecological initiative received support from the whole community.)

initiative (noun [f]: enterprising nature) ●

• Son esprit d’initiative lui a permis de gravir rapidement les échelons. (His initiative allowed him to climb the ranks quickly.)

nucléaire [nykleɛʀ]

nuclear power, nuclear energy (noun [m]: atomic energy) ●

• Le nucléaire représente une part importante de la production électrique française. (Nuclear power represents a significant share of French electricity production.)

nuclear (adjective: related to the atom’s nucleus) ●

• Les réactions nucléaires libèrent une quantité d’énergie considérable. (Nuclear reactions release a considerable amount of energy.)

nuclear power, nuclear energy (noun [m]: nuclear energy sector) ●

• Le gouvernement souhaite investir davantage dans le nucléaire civil. (The government wishes to invest more in civilian nuclear power.)

nuclear (adjective: family nucleus) ●

• La famille nucléaire a remplacé la famille élargie dans les sociétés modernes. (The nuclear family has replaced the extended family in modern societies.)

industriel [ɛ̃dystʀijɛl]

industrial (adjective: relating to industry) ●

• Cette zone industrielle accueille plus de cinquante entreprises. (This industrial zone hosts more than fifty companies.)

industrial, factory (adjective: relating to production techniques) ●

• Les procédés industriels ont considérablement évolué depuis le XIXe siècle. (Industrial processes have evolved considerably since the 19th century.)

industrialist, manufacturer (noun [m/f]: owner of an industry) ●

• Cet industriel a bâti son empire dans le secteur textile. (This industrialist built his empire in the textile sector.)

mass-produced, factory-made (adjective: not artisanal, pejorative) ●

• Je préfère le pain artisanal au pain industriel vendu en supermarché. (I prefer artisan bread to the mass-produced bread sold in supermarkets.)

vif [vif]

lively, quick (adjective: quick to react) ●

• Cette petite fille vive pose mille questions par jour. (This lively little girl asks a thousand questions a day.)

keen, sharp (adjective: full of life) ●

• Son regard vif révèle une grande intelligence. (His keen gaze reveals great intelligence.)

bright, brilliant, vivid (adjective: colour) ●

• Elle a choisi un jaune vif pour repeindre la cuisine. (She chose a bright yellow to repaint the kitchen.)

alive (adjective: living) ●

• Les sauveteurs ont retrouvé les randonneurs vifs malgré le froid. (The rescuers found the hikers alive despite the cold.)

strong, bright (adjective: light, sound) ●

• La lumière vive du soleil m’éblouit quand je sors du tunnel. (The bright sunlight dazzles me when I exit the tunnel.)

brisk, crisp, bracing (adjective: air) ●

• L’air vif de la montagne nous a redonné de l’énergie. (The bracing mountain air gave us back our energy.)

strong, over-the-top (adjective: words, excessive) ●

• Le débat a pris une tournure vive quand les accusations ont fusé. (The debate took a strong turn when accusations started flying.)

exact [ɛɡzakt]

correct, right (adjective: accurate) ●

• La réponse donnée par l’élève était parfaitement exacte. (The answer given by the student was perfectly correct.)

true, exact (adjective: factual) ●

• Il est exact que nous avons signé ce contrat hier. (It is true that we signed this contract yesterday.)

true, exact (adjective: conforming to reality) ●

• Voici la description exacte des événements de cette nuit-là. (Here is the true description of the events of that night.)

exception [ɛksɛpsjɔ̃]

exception, anomaly (noun [f]: something out of the norm) ●

• La neige en mai est une exception dans cette région. (Snow in May is an exception in this region.)

exception, isolated case (noun [f]: exceptional person) ●

• Parmi tous ces artistes, Marie est une exception par son talent naturel. (Among all these artists, Marie is an exception due to her natural talent.)

doubler [duble]

double (transitive verb: multiply by two) ●

• L’entreprise a doublé son chiffre d’affaires en trois ans. (The company doubled its turnover in three years.)

overtake, pass (transitive verb: pass a vehicle) ●

• Le motard a doublé le camion dans un virage dangereux. (The motorcyclist overtook the truck on a dangerous bend.)

double (intransitive verb: increase twofold) ●

• Le prix du logement a doublé en dix ans. (The price of housing has doubled in ten years.)

line (transitive verb: add lining to garment) ●

• Elle a fait doubler son manteau de soie pour le rendre plus élégant. (She had her coat lined with silk to make it more elegant.)

double in (intransitive verb: grow twice as much) ●

• Ce bébé a doublé de poids depuis sa naissance. (This baby has doubled in weight since birth.)

be someone’s body double, be someone’s stunt double, stand in for (transitive verb: act as replacement in film) ●

• Une cascadeuse professionnelle double l’actrice principale dans les scènes dangereuses. (A professional stuntwoman is the lead actress’s stunt double in the dangerous scenes.)

dub, be the voice of (transitive verb: provide voice for film) ●

• Cet acteur célèbre double le personnage principal dans la version française du film. (This famous actor dubs the main character in the French version of the film.)

double-cross (transitive verb: betray, informal) ●

• Le voleur a voulu doubler ses complices et garder tout l’argent. (The thief wanted to double-cross his accomplices and keep all the money.)

février [fevʁije]

February (noun [m]: second month of the year) ●

• En février, les jours commencent à rallonger sensiblement. (In February, the days start to get noticeably longer.)

mode [mɔd]

fashion, trend (noun [f]: passing way of doing things) ●

• La mode des jeans déchirés revient chaque décennie. (The fashion for ripped jeans comes back every decade.)

style, fashion, trend (noun [f]: clothing style) ●

• Elle suit la mode de près et change de garde-robe chaque saison. (She follows fashion closely and changes her wardrobe every season.)

fashion industry (noun [f]: clothing business) ●

• Après ses études, elle rêve de travailler dans la mode à Paris. (After her studies, she dreams of working in the fashion industry in Paris.)

way, style (noun [m]: manner of living) ●

• Son mode de vie simple lui permet de vivre avec peu d’argent. (His simple way of life allows him to live on little money.)

method, mode, way (noun [m]: manner of acting) ●

• Le mode de fonctionnement de cette machine est expliqué dans le manuel. (The method of operating this machine is explained in the manual.)

mood, mode (noun [m]: grammatical category) ●

• Le subjonctif est un mode verbal souvent difficile à maîtriser pour les étrangers. (The subjunctive is a verbal mood often difficult to master for foreigners.)

tendre [tɑ̃dʁ]

soft (adjective: not hard) ●

• Cette pierre tendre est facile à sculpter. (This soft stone is easy to sculpt.)

tender, soft (adjective: easy to chew) ●

• Ce rôti est si tendre qu’il fond dans la bouche. (This roast is so tender that it melts in your mouth.)

gentle, loving, affectionate, tender (adjective: showing affection) ●

• Elle a eu des mots tendres pour réconforter son ami. (She had tender words to comfort her friend.)

stretch, extend (transitive verb: pull taut) ●

• L’archer tend la corde de son arc avant de tirer. (The archer stretches the string of his bow before shooting.)

stretch, extend (transitive verb: extend a limb) ●

• Elle tend le bras pour attraper le livre sur l’étagère. (She stretches her arm to reach the book on the shelf.)

hand (transitive verb: pass to someone) ●

• Il m’a tendu les clés de la voiture sans dire un mot. (He handed me the car keys without saying a word.)

hold out to, offer to (transitive verb: present something) ●

• Le serveur lui a tendu le menu avec un sourire. (The waiter held out the menu to him with a smile.)

soft-hearted person, softy (noun [m/f]: affectionate person) ●

• Sous ses airs durs, c’est un vrai tendre qui adore les animaux. (Beneath his tough exterior, he’s a real softy who loves animals.)

tend towards, head towards (transitive verb: have a tendency) ●

• Les négociations tendent vers un accord favorable aux deux parties. (The negotiations are tending towards an agreement favorable to both parties.)

aim to do, hope to do (transitive verb: intend) ●

• Cette nouvelle loi tend à réduire les inégalités sociales. (This new law aims to reduce social inequalities.)

strain (transitive verb: make atmosphere tense) ●

• Son intervention maladroite a tendu l’atmosphère lors de la réunion. (His clumsy intervention strained the atmosphere during the meeting.)

be drawn tight, be drawn taut (reflexive verb: become tense) ●

• La corde s’est tendue sous le poids du grimpeur. (The rope was drawn taut under the climber’s weight.)

become strained, become tense (reflexive verb: situation worsening) ●

• Les relations entre les deux pays se tendent depuis plusieurs mois. (Relations between the two countries have become strained for several months.)

tend toward (transitive verb: approach a value, mathematical) ●

• Quand x tend vers l’infini, cette fonction tend vers zéro. (When x tends toward infinity, this function tends toward zero.)

set (transitive verb: prepare a trap) ●

• Le chasseur a tendu un piège pour capturer le renard. (The hunter set a trap to catch the fox.)

musique [myzik]

music (noun [f]: sound produced) ●

• La musique classique l’aide à se concentrer pendant ses études. (Classical music helps her concentrate during her studies.)

gestion [ʒɛstjɔ̃]

management (noun [f]: responsibility) ●

• La gestion de ce projet complexe nécessite une équipe expérimentée. (The management of this complex project requires an experienced team.)

administration (noun [f]: running of affairs) ●

• Une bonne gestion des finances est essentielle pour toute entreprise. (Good administration of finances is essential for any company.)

honneur [ɔnœʁ]

reputation, honour, honor (noun [m]: dignity) ●

• Il défend son honneur avec fierté face aux accusations. (He defends his reputation with pride against the accusations.)

honour, honor (noun [m]: sense of pride) ●

• Son sens de l’honneur l’empêche de mentir, même dans les situations difficiles. (His sense of honour prevents him from lying, even in difficult situations.)

credit (noun [m]: recognition for work) ●

• Tout l’honneur de cette réussite revient à l’équipe de recherche. (All the credit for this success goes to the research team.)

honour, honor (noun [m]: mark of esteem) ●

• Recevoir ce prix est un grand honneur pour notre association. (Receiving this award is a great honour for our association.)

honour, honor (noun [m]: privilege, favour) ●

• C’est un honneur de vous accueillir dans notre humble demeure. (It is an honour to welcome you to our humble home.)

vaste [vast]

vast, huge, immense (adjective: extensive) ●

• Cette vaste bibliothèque contient plus de deux millions de livres. (This vast library contains more than two million books.)

évoquer [evɔke]

mention, bring up, allude to, touch on (transitive verb: refer to something) ●

• Le directeur a évoqué les nouvelles mesures de sécurité lors de la réunion. (The director mentioned the new security measures during the meeting.)

remind of, bring to mind, evoke, bring back (transitive verb: recall memories) ●

• Cette chanson m’évoque des souvenirs d’enfance passés chez mes grands-parents. (This song brings back memories of my childhood spent at my grandparents’.)

remind of, evoke, conjure up (transitive verb: make think of something) ●

• Son parfum m’évoque les jardins méditerranéens en été. (Her perfume reminds me of Mediterranean gardens in summer.)

fonctionner [fɔ̃ksjɔne]

work (intransitive verb: operate properly) ●

• L’ascenseur ne fonctionne plus depuis ce matin. (The elevator hasn’t been working since this morning.)

work, function (intransitive verb: act or operate) ●

• Mon esprit ne fonctionne pas bien quand je manque de sommeil. (My mind doesn’t work well when I lack sleep.)

function, work (intransitive verb: fulfill its function) ●

• Le système judiciaire fonctionne différemment selon les pays. (The judicial system functions differently depending on the country.)

work, operate, be open (intransitive verb: carry out activity) ●

• La bibliothèque municipale ne fonctionne pas le lundi. (The public library is not open on Mondays.)

run on (intransitive verb + preposition: use as power source) ●

• Cette voiture fonctionne à l’hydrogène. (This car runs on hydrogen.)

run (transitive verb: Computing, use operating system) ●

• Ce serveur fonctionne sous Linux depuis sa mise en service. (This server has been running Linux since it was commissioned.)

étape [etap]

stage, step (noun [f]: phase in a process) ●

• La première étape du projet consiste à établir un budget détaillé. (The first step of the project is to establish a detailed budget.)

stage (noun [f]: segment of a journey) ●

• Nous avons divisé notre voyage en quatre étapes pour éviter la fatigue. (We divided our trip into four stages to avoid fatigue.)

stopover, stop-off (noun [f]: place of temporary rest) ●

• Lyon sera notre étape avant de rejoindre la côte méditerranéenne. (Lyon will be our stopover before reaching the Mediterranean coast.)

leg (noun [f]: duration between two stops) ●

• L’étape de nuit a été particulièrement éprouvante pour les randonneurs. (The overnight leg was particularly exhausting for the hikers.)

stage (noun [f]: Sports, race segment) ●

• Le coureur a remporté l’étape de montagne grâce à une attaque décisive. (The rider won the mountain stage thanks to a decisive attack.)

physique [fizik]

physical (adjective: relating to the body) ●

• Une activité physique régulière est essentielle pour maintenir une bonne santé. (Regular physical activity is essential to maintain good health.)

physical (adjective: mechanical, material) ●

• Les lois physiques gouvernent le comportement de la matière dans l’univers. (Physical laws govern the behaviour of matter in the universe.)

physics (noun [f]: science) ●

• La physique quantique a révolutionné notre compréhension de l’univers. (Quantum physics has revolutionised our understanding of the universe.)

physique, build, appearance (noun [m]: bodily aspect) ●

• Ce mannequin a un physique idéal pour les défilés de haute couture. (This model has an ideal physique for haute couture fashion shows.)

physical, strenuous, demanding (adjective: informal, requiring effort) ●

• Le rugby est un sport très physique qui demande une grande résistance. (Rugby is a very physical sport that requires great endurance.)

accuser [akyze]

accuse, charge (transitive verb: bring before justice) ●

• Le procureur a décidé d’accuser le suspect de fraude fiscale. (The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with tax fraud.)

accuse of (transitive verb + preposition: attribute fault) ●

• Elle m’accuse de ne jamais l’écouter quand elle parle. (She accuses me of never listening to her when she speaks.)

take the blame, confess, admit your guilt (reflexive verb: admit being guilty) ●

• Le jeune homme s’est accusé pour protéger son ami. (The young man took the blame to protect his friend.)

take the blame for, confess to (reflexive verb + preposition: admit guilt for something) ●

• Pourquoi t’es-tu accusé d’un crime que tu n’as pas commis ? (Why did you confess to a crime you didn’t commit?)

point to (intransitive verb + preposition: prove guilt) ●

• Les empreintes digitales trouvées sur les lieux l’accusent clairement. (The fingerprints found at the scene clearly point to him.)

blame, hold responsible (transitive verb: consider responsible) ●

• Les agriculteurs accusent la sécheresse de la mauvaise récolte. (The farmers blame the drought for the poor harvest.)

register, suffer (transitive verb: experience negative effect) ●

• L’entreprise accuse une perte de dix millions d’euros cette année. (The company has registered a loss of ten million euros this year.)

parfaitement [paʀfɛtmɑ̃]

perfectly (adverb: in a perfect manner) ●

• Elle maîtrise parfaitement trois langues étrangères. (She has a perfect command of three foreign languages.)

perfectly, absolutely (adverb: completely) ●

• Cette robe te va parfaitement bien. (This dress suits you perfectly.)

absolutely, certainly, totally (adverb: emphatic affirmation) ●

• Êtes-vous sûr de vouloir démissionner ? — Parfaitement ! (Are you sure you want to resign? — Absolutely!)

méthode [metɔd]

method, methodology (noun [f]: procedure) ●

• Les chercheurs ont développé une nouvelle méthode pour analyser les données. (The researchers developed a new method to analyse the data.)

method, technique (noun [f]: way of doing things) ●

• Sa méthode de négociation est reconnue pour son efficacité. (His negotiation method is recognised for its effectiveness.)

method, way, manner (noun [f]: approach to learning) ●

• Cette méthode d’apprentissage favorise la participation active des élèves. (This learning method encourages active student participation.)

book, textbook (noun [f]: instructional work) ●

• J’ai commandé une méthode de japonais pour débutants. (I ordered a Japanese textbook for beginners.)

professeur [pʀɔfɛsœʀ]

teacher (noun [m/f]: educator) ●

• Mon professeur d’histoire nous a passionné avec ses récits de la Révolution. (My history teacher fascinated us with his stories of the Revolution.)

teacher, coach, instructor, tutor (noun [m/f]: instructor in a skill) ●

• Le professeur de tennis m’a corrigé ma position de service. (The tennis coach corrected my serving position.)

professor (noun [m/f]: distinguished academic) ●

• Ce professeur de médecine est réputé pour ses travaux sur les maladies cardiaques. (This professor of medicine is renowned for his work on heart diseases.)

envers [ɑ̃vɛʀ]

toward, towards, in relation to (preposition: regarding someone) ●

• Il a toujours été généreux envers ses amis dans le besoin. (He has always been generous towards his friends in need.)

other side, underside, back (noun [m]: hidden face of something) ●

• L’envers du tissu présente une texture plus rugueuse. (The back of the fabric has a rougher texture.)

distribuer [distʀibɥe]

hand out, give out, distribute (transitive verb: give to several people) ●

• Les bénévoles distribuent des repas chauds aux sans-abri chaque soir. (Volunteers hand out hot meals to the homeless every evening.)

distribute, give out (transitive verb: supply something) ●

• Cette fontaine distribue de l’eau fraîche gratuitement. (This fountain gives out fresh water for free.)

allocate, assign, apportion, allot, share out, deal (transitive verb: divide up) ●

• Le chef d’équipe distribue les tâches selon les compétences de chacun. (The team leader allocates tasks according to each person’s skills.)

distribute, arrange, place (transitive verb: position) ●

• L’architecte a distribué les pièces autour d’un patio central. (The architect arranged the rooms around a central patio.)

distribute, deliver (transitive verb: broadcast, circulate) ●

• Cette chaîne de magasins distribue exclusivement des produits biologiques. (This chain of stores exclusively distributes organic products.)

existence [ɛɡzistɑ̃s]

existence (noun [f]: reality) ●

• Personne ne peut nier l’existence de ce problème social. (No one can deny the existence of this social problem.)

existence, life (noun [f]: living, lifespan) ●

• Elle a consacré toute son existence à la recherche scientifique. (She devoted her entire existence to scientific research.)

existence, be around (noun [f]: duration of being) ●

• Après dix ans d’existence, cette association a fermé ses portes. (After ten years of existence, this association closed its doors.)

prétendre [pʁe.tɑ̃dʁ]

claim, claim that, say, say that (transitive verb: affirm something) ●

• Il prétend avoir rencontré le président en personne. (He claims to have met the president in person.)

claim you can do [sth], assert you can do [sth] (transitive verb: affirm ability) ●

• Elle prétend pouvoir résoudre ce problème en une heure. (She claims she can solve this problem in an hour.)

claim to be [sth], claim you are [sth] (reflexive verb: present oneself as) ●

• Il se prétend expert en informatique mais il ne sait même pas utiliser un tableur. (He claims to be a computer expert but he doesn’t even know how to use a spreadsheet.)

be entitled to [sth], have the right to [sth], qualify for [sth] (intransitive verb: claim, demand) ●

• Avec son expérience, elle peut prétendre à un salaire plus élevé. (With her experience, she is entitled to a higher salary.)

mean to do [sth], aim to do [sth], intend to do [sth] (transitive verb: literary, have firm intention) ●

• Ce philosophe prétend nous faire réfléchir sur notre condition humaine. (This philosopher aims to make us reflect on our human condition.)

global [ɡlɔ.bal]

overall, global, comprehensive (adjective: as a whole) ●

• Le coût global du projet dépasse les prévisions initiales. (The overall cost of the project exceeds the initial forecasts.)

global, world, worldwide (adjective: planetary) ●

• Le réchauffement global menace les écosystèmes du monde entier. (Global warming threatens ecosystems around the world.)

dommage [dɔ.maʒ]

damage (noun [m]: material damage) ●

• Les inondations ont causé des dommages considérables aux habitations. (The floods caused considerable damage to homes.)

What a shame!, What a pity! (interjection: too bad) ●

• Tu ne viens pas ce soir ? Dommage, on aurait bien ri ensemble. (You’re not coming tonight? What a shame, we would have had a good laugh together.)

What a shame!, What a pity! (expression: it’s a waste) ●

• Quel dommage de jeter toute cette nourriture ! (What a shame to throw away all this food!)

it is a shame to do [sth], it is a pity to do [sth] (expression: regrettable) ●

• C’est dommage de partir si tôt alors que la fête vient de commencer. (It’s a shame to leave so early when the party has just begun.)

it is a shame + [indicative], it is a pity + [indicative] (expression: with subjunctive) ●

• C’est dommage qu’il pleuve aujourd’hui, nous aurions pu faire un pique-nique. (It’s a shame that it’s raining today, we could have had a picnic.)

damages, compensation (noun [m] pl: legal indemnity) ●

• Le tribunal a condamné l’entreprise à verser des dommages aux victimes. (The court ordered the company to pay damages to the victims.)

crédit [kʁe.di]

credit (noun [m]: advance of money) ●

• Nous avons acheté notre canapé à crédit pour étaler les paiements. (We bought our sofa on credit to spread out the payments.)

loan (noun [m]: money lending) ●

• La banque lui a accordé un crédit pour financer ses études. (The bank gave him a loan to finance his studies.)

credit (noun [m]: accounting entry) ●

• Le comptable a inscrit cette somme au crédit du compte client. (The accountant recorded this amount as a credit to the customer account.)

credit, respect, credibility (noun [m]: figurative, reputation) ●

• Ce professeur jouit d’un grand crédit auprès de ses collègues. (This professor enjoys great credit among his colleagues.)

tendance [tɑ̃.dɑ̃s]

tendency (noun [f]: propensity) ●

• Mon frère a tendance à exagérer quand il raconte ses aventures. (My brother has a tendency to exaggerate when he tells his adventures.)

trend, fashion (noun [f]: style) ●

• Les couleurs pastel sont la grande tendance de cette saison. (Pastel colors are the big trend this season.)

trendy, fashionable (adjective: informal, stylish) ●

• Ce restaurant est très tendance parmi les jeunes cadres. (This restaurant is very trendy among young executives.)

chaîne [ʃɛn]

chain (noun [f]: linked rings) ●

• Le chien est attaché à sa niche par une longue chaîne. (The dog is tied to its kennel by a long chain.)

chain, network (noun [f]: shops, stores) ●

• Cette chaîne de librairies possède plus de deux cents magasins en France. (This bookstore chain has more than two hundred stores in France.)

channel, station (noun [f]: television) ●

• Ma grand-mère regarde toujours la même chaîne de télévision. (My grandmother always watches the same television channel.)

warp (noun [f]: textiles, weaving) ●

• Le tisserand tend les fils de chaîne avant de commencer son ouvrage. (The weaver stretches the warp threads before starting his work.)

relatif [ʁə.la.tif]

related to [sth/sb], relating to [sth/sb], regarding (adjective + preposition: linked to) ●

• Toutes les informations relatives à votre dossier sont disponibles en ligne. (All the information relating to your file is available online.)

relative (adjective: to be qualified, mitigated) ●

• Le calme dans cette région n’est que relatif après les récents événements. (The calm in this region is only relative after recent events.)

relative (adjective: grammar) ●

• En français, « qui » et « que » sont des pronoms relatifs très courants. (In French, “qui” and “que” are very common relative pronouns.)

note [nɔt]

note (noun [f]: short indication) ●

• J’ai pris des notes pendant toute la conférence pour ne rien oublier. (I took notes throughout the conference so as not to forget anything.)

memo, memorandum (noun [f]: administrative message) ●

• Le directeur a envoyé une note de service à tous les employés. (The director sent a memo to all employees.)

note, footnote (noun [f]: supplementary information) ●

• L’auteur a ajouté une note en bas de page pour expliquer ce terme technique. (The author added a footnote to explain this technical term.)

rating (noun [f]: quantitative assessment) ●

• Ce film a reçu une excellente note de la part des critiques. (This film received an excellent rating from critics.)

mark, grade (noun [f]: school evaluation) ●

• Elle a obtenu la meilleure note de la classe à l’examen de mathématiques. (She got the best grade in the class on the math exam.)

note (noun [f]: music, sound representation) ●

• Le pianiste a joué toutes les notes de cette sonate avec une grande précision. (The pianist played all the notes of this sonata with great precision.)

bill, invoice (noun [f]: amount to pay) ●

• Le serveur nous a apporté la note à la fin du repas. (The waiter brought us the bill at the end of the meal.)

réserve [ʁe.zɛʁv]

reserves, stocks (noun [f] pl: accumulated items) ●

• Nous avons constitué des réserves de nourriture pour l’hiver. (We have built up food reserves for the winter.)

reserves (noun [f]: military, mobilizable troops) ●

• En cas de conflit, le gouvernement peut faire appel à la réserve militaire. (In case of conflict, the government can call upon the military reserves.)

reserve, discretion (noun [f]: restraint) ●

• Il s’est exprimé avec beaucoup de réserve sur ce sujet délicat. (He spoke with great reserve on this delicate subject.)

reservation (noun [f]: industry, noted defect) ●

• L’architecte a émis plusieurs réserves concernant la solidité de la structure. (The architect expressed several reservations concerning the solidity of the structure.)

maximum [maksimɔm]

maximum (adjective: highest) ●

• La température maximum prévue pour demain est de trente-cinq degrés. (The maximum temperature forecast for tomorrow is thirty-five degrees.)

utmost, best (noun [m]: the most possible) ●

• Elle a donné le maximum pour réussir son examen. (She gave her utmost to pass her exam.)

maximum (noun [m]: mathematics, greatest element) ●

• Le maximum de cette fonction est atteint à x égal cinq. (The maximum of this function is reached at x equals five.)

max, tops, at the most (adverb: informal, at maximum) ●

• Le trajet prendra une heure maximum. (The journey will take an hour max.)

moteur [mɔtœʀ]

motor, engine (noun [m]: mechanical energy source) ●

• Le mécanicien a réparé le moteur de la voiture en une journée. (The mechanic repaired the car engine in one day.)

driving force (noun [m]: determining element) ●

• L’innovation est le moteur de la croissance économique. (Innovation is the driving force of economic growth.)

driving force, motivated, driven, passionate (adjective: figurative, motivating) ●

• Marie est très moteur dans l’équipe de recherche. (Marie is the driving force in the research team.)

version [vɛʀsjɔ̃]

version (noun [f]: account, way of telling) ●

• Chaque témoin a donné une version différente des événements. (Each witness gave a different version of events.)

version (noun [f]: modified text) ●

• L’éditeur a publié une nouvelle version du manuscrit original. (The publisher released a new version of the original manuscript.)

version (noun [f]: aspect of text by language) ●

• La version anglaise du contrat fait foi en cas de litige. (The English version of the contract takes precedence in case of dispute.)

version, release (noun [f]: software, major evolution) ●

• La nouvelle version du logiciel corrige plusieurs bugs importants. (The new version of the software fixes several important bugs.)

translation into your native language (noun [f]: school, translation exercise) ●

• Les étudiants doivent préparer une version latine pour lundi prochain. (The students must prepare a Latin translation into their native language for next Monday.)

règlement [ʀɛɡləmɑ̃]

regulation, rule, regulations, rules (noun [m]: rules to follow) ●

• Le règlement de la piscine interdit de courir sur le bord du bassin. (The pool regulations forbid running along the edge of the pool.)

settlement, payment (noun [m]: payment) ●

• Le règlement de la facture doit être effectué sous trente jours. (Payment of the invoice must be made within thirty days.)

settlement (noun [m]: action of concluding) ●

• Le règlement du conflit a nécessité plusieurs mois de négociations. (The settlement of the conflict required several months of negotiations.)

couple [kupl]

couple (noun [m]: two people united) ●

• Ce couple célèbre son vingtième anniversaire de mariage. (This couple is celebrating their twentieth wedding anniversary.)

couple, pair, duo, partners (noun [m]: people together) ●

• Le couple de patineurs a remporté la médaille d’or. (The pair of skaters won the gold medal.)

pair (noun [m]: male and female) ●

• Un couple de cygnes a élu domicile sur l’étang du parc. (A pair of swans has taken up residence on the park pond.)

mercredi [mɛʀkʀədi]

Wednesday (noun [m]: day after Tuesday) ●

• La réunion est prévue mercredi à quatorze heures. (The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday at two o’clock.)

régional [ʀeʒjɔnal]

regional (adjective: relating to a region) ●

• Les élections régionales auront lieu en mars prochain. (The regional elections will take place next March.)

regional (adjective: shared by neighboring states) ●

• Les pays ont signé un accord de coopération régional. (The countries signed a regional cooperation agreement.)

local (adjective: relating to part of body) ●

• L’anesthésie régionale permet au patient de rester conscient pendant l’opération. (Local anaesthesia allows the patient to remain conscious during the operation.)

sinon [sinɔ̃]

otherwise, if not, or, or else (conjunction: otherwise) ●

• Dépêche-toi, sinon nous allons rater le train. (Hurry up, otherwise we’ll miss the train.)

if not, otherwise (conjunction: if that is not the case) ●

• As-tu terminé ton travail ? Sinon, tu devras rester ce soir. (Have you finished your work? If not, you’ll have to stay this evening.)

except, other than, but, save (conjunction: except) ●

• Je ne sais rien de lui, sinon qu’il vient du sud de la France. (I know nothing about him, other than that he comes from the south of France.)

if not (conjunction: perhaps even) ●

• C’est difficile, sinon impossible, de le convaincre. (It’s difficult, if not impossible, to convince him.)

anyway, by the way (conjunction: transitional word) ●

• Bon, j’ai fini de raconter mes vacances. Sinon, comment va ta famille ? (Well, I’ve finished talking about my holidays. Anyway, how is your family?)

entreprendre [ɑ̃tʀəpʀɑ̃dʀ]

begin, start, set about doing, undertake (transitive verb: start to execute) ●

• Elle a décidé d’entreprendre des études de droit à trente ans. (She decided to begin law studies at thirty.)

undertake to do [sth] (indirect transitive verb: decide to do something) ●

• L’association a entrepris de rénover le vieux théâtre du village. (The association undertook to renovate the old village theatre.)

hold forth to [sb] about [sth], go on about [sth] to [sb] (transitive verb: formal, engage someone in conversation) ●

• Mon voisin m’a entrepris sur la politique pendant une heure. (My neighbour held forth to me about politics for an hour.)

try it on with [sb], try to seduce [sb] (transitive verb: attempt to seduce) ●

• Il a essayé de l’entreprendre à la fête, mais elle n’était pas intéressée. (He tried it on with her at the party, but she wasn’t interested.)

engage (transitive verb: archaic, start a debate with someone) ●

• Le philosophe aimait entreprendre ses étudiants sur des questions éthiques. (The philosopher liked to engage his students on ethical questions.)

au-delà [odla]

on the other side, beyond (adverbial phrase: further) ●

• La forêt s’arrête ici, mais au-delà s’étendent des champs de blé. (The forest ends here, but beyond stretch fields of wheat.)

beyond (prepositional phrase: further than) ●

• Au-delà de cette montagne se trouve un petit village isolé. (Beyond this mountain lies a small isolated village.)

beyond that, past that (adverbial phrase: figurative, further) ●

• Le prix est élevé, certes, mais il faut voir au-delà : c’est un investissement rentable. (The price is high, certainly, but you have to see past that: it’s a worthwhile investment.)

beyond, past (prepositional phrase: figurative, further) ●

• Au-delà des différences culturelles, nous partageons les mêmes valeurs. (Beyond cultural differences, we share the same values.)

the hereafter, the afterlife, the beyond, the other side (noun [m]: the world of the dead) ●

• Certaines religions croient en l’existence de l’au-delà. (Some religions believe in the existence of the afterlife.)

étendre [etɑ̃dʀ]

spread, roll out (transitive verb: spread out a substance) ●

• Elle étend le beurre sur les tartines chaque matin. (She spreads butter on the toast every morning.)

hang [sth] out, hang (transitive verb: hang to dry) ●

• Ma grand-mère préfère étendre les draps au soleil plutôt que d’utiliser le sèche-linge. (My grandmother prefers to hang the sheets out in the sun rather than use the dryer.)

stretch (transitive verb: extend limbs) ●

• Le chat étend ses pattes avant de se lever. (The cat stretches its paws before getting up.)

stretch out (reflexive verb: lie down) ●

• Après une longue journée, il s’est étendu sur le canapé. (After a long day, he stretched out on the sofa.)

extend (intransitive verb: reach a certain point) ●

• La forêt s’étend sur plusieurs centaines de kilomètres. (The forest extends over several hundred kilometres.)

stretch, go (intransitive verb: occupy space) ●

• Le désert s’étend à perte de vue. (The desert stretches as far as the eye can see.)

stretch, go (intransitive verb: last in time) ●

• Les travaux se sont étendus sur plusieurs mois. (The work stretched over several months.)

enlarge on, expand on, go on about (reflexive verb: speak in detail) ●

• Le professeur s’est étendu longuement sur ce point de grammaire. (The teacher enlarged on this grammar point at length.)

sortie [sɔʀti]

exit, way out (noun [f]: passage out of a place) ●

• En cas d’urgence, dirigez-vous vers la sortie la plus proche. (In case of emergency, head to the nearest exit.)

exit (noun [f]: door or gate) ●

• Retrouvons-nous à la sortie du métro. (Let’s meet at the metro exit.)

exit (noun [f]: manner of leaving) ●

• Sa sortie de scène a été très applaudie par le public. (Her exit from the stage was greatly applauded by the audience.)

publication, launch, release (noun [f]: first distribution) ●

• La sortie de ce jeu vidéo est prévue pour le mois prochain. (The release of this video game is scheduled for next month.)

trip, outing (noun [f]: excursion) ●

• L’école organise une sortie au musée la semaine prochaine. (The school is organizing a trip to the museum next week.)

outgoing expense (noun [f]: expenditure) ●

• Nos sorties dépassent nos recettes ce trimestre. (Our outgoing expenses exceed our revenue this quarter.)

sortie (noun [f]: military breakout attempt) ●

• Les troupes ont effectué une sortie nocturne pour briser l’encerclement. (The troops carried out a nocturnal sortie to break the encirclement.)

profond [pʀɔfɔ̃]

deep (adjective: having depth) ●

• Ce lac est très profond, il faut être prudent en nageant. (This lake is very deep; you have to be careful when swimming.)

deep, far down, far below (adjective: far from surface) ●

• Les mineurs travaillent dans des galeries profondes. (The miners work in deep galleries.)

deep, profound, thoughtful, serious (adjective: person or thought) ●

• C’est un penseur profond qui analyse toujours la situation avec soin. (He is a deep thinker who always analyses the situation with care.)

profound, deep, intense (adjective: strong feeling) ●

• Elle éprouve un profond respect pour ses ancêtres. (She feels a profound respect for her ancestors.)

underlying (adjective: fundamental reason) ●

• Il faut comprendre les causes profondes de ce conflit. (We need to understand the underlying causes of this conflict.)

radical (adjective: thorough change) ●

• L’entreprise a subi une transformation profonde ces dernières années. (The company has undergone a radical transformation in recent years.)

plunging (adjective: low-cut neckline) ●

• Elle portait une robe noire avec un décolleté profond. (She was wearing a black dress with a plunging neckline.)

heartland, provincial, deepest, darkest (adjective: remote rural area) ●

• Ils ont découvert des traditions oubliées en France profonde. (They discovered forgotten traditions in deepest France.)

décrire [dekʀiʀ]

describe (transitive verb: give a description) ●

• Pouvez-vous décrire la personne que vous avez vue ? (Can you describe the person you saw?)

describe, trace (transitive verb: follow a shape or path) ●

• L’avion décrivait de larges cercles au-dessus de l’aéroport. (The plane described wide circles above the airport.)

etc. [ɛtsetʀa]

etc., and so on (adverb: abbreviation for et cetera) ●

• Pour cette recette, il vous faut des œufs, du lait, de la farine, etc. (For this recipe, you need eggs, milk, flour, etc.)

récent [ʀesɑ̃]

new, recent, relatively new (adjective: existing since recently) ●

• Ces découvertes scientifiques sont très récentes. (These scientific discoveries are very recent.)

télévision [televizjɔ̃]

television, TV, telly (noun [f]: broadcast medium) ●

• Les enfants passent trop de temps devant la télévision. (Children spend too much time in front of the television.)

television, television set, TV, TV set, telly (noun [f]: receiving device) ●

• Nous avons acheté une nouvelle télévision pour le salon. (We bought a new television for the living room.)

television, the television, TV, the TV, telly, the telly (noun [f]: all channels collectively) ●

• Qu’est-ce qu’il y a à la télévision ce soir ? (What’s on television tonight?)

retraite [ʀətʀɛt]

retirement (noun [f]: end of working life) ●

• Mon père attend sa retraite avec impatience pour voyager. (My father is looking forward to his retirement so he can travel.)

pension, superannuation (noun [f]: retirement income) ●

• Sa retraite ne suffit pas à couvrir toutes ses dépenses. (His pension is not enough to cover all his expenses.)

retreat, sanctuary (noun [f]: spiritual withdrawal) ●

• Elle a fait une retraite spirituelle dans un monastère en montagne. (She went on a spiritual retreat in a mountain monastery.)

retreat, hideaway (noun [f]: isolated place) ●

• Cet écrivain a trouvé une retraite paisible pour terminer son roman. (This writer found a peaceful retreat to finish his novel.)

retreat (noun [f]: military withdrawal) ●

• L’armée a dû battre en retraite face à l’ennemi. (The army had to retreat in the face of the enemy.)

art [aʀ]

art (noun [m]: creative technique) ●

• La sculpture est un art qui demande beaucoup de patience. (Sculpture is an art that requires a lot of patience.)

art (noun [m]: figurative skill or science) ●

• La négociation est un art que peu de gens maîtrisent. (Negotiation is an art that few people master.)

frontière [fʀɔ̃tjɛʀ]

frontier, border (noun [f]: boundary between countries) ●

• Les douaniers contrôlent les passeports à la frontière. (Customs officers check passports at the border.)

boundary, mark, line, bounds (noun [f]: figurative separation) ●

• La frontière entre le génie et la folie est parfois mince. (The boundary between genius and madness is sometimes thin.)

égal [eɡal]

equal, fair (adjective: egalitarian, equivalent) ●

• Tous les citoyens doivent avoir un accès égal à l’éducation. (All citizens must have equal access to education.)

equal to (adjective + preposition: denoting equivalence) ●

• Dix est égal à la somme de sept et trois. (Ten is equal to the sum of seven and three.)

equal to, equivalent to, on a par with (adjective + preposition: comparable) ●

• La qualité de ce produit est égale à celle des grandes marques. (The quality of this product is equal to that of major brands.)

equal, peer (noun [m/f]: person of the same level) ●

• Elle traite tous ses collègues comme des égaux. (She treats all her colleagues as equals.)

equable, even, level, unchanging (adjective: regular, steady) ●

• Malgré les difficultés, il garde une humeur égale. (Despite the difficulties, he maintains an even mood.)

promesse [pʀɔmɛs]

promise (noun [f]: commitment, pledge) ●

• Il a tenu sa promesse de revenir avant la nuit. (He kept his promise to return before nightfall.)

entretenir [ɑ̃tʀətniʀ]

maintain, look after (transitive verb: keep in good condition) ●

• Il faut entretenir régulièrement sa voiture pour éviter les pannes. (You need to maintain your car regularly to avoid breakdowns.)

keep [sth] going, maintain, keep [sth] up (transitive verb: sustain) ●

• Elle entretient son niveau d’espagnol en lisant des romans. (She keeps up her Spanish by reading novels.)

have, maintain, keep, enjoy (transitive verb: possess relations) ●

• Notre entreprise entretient d’excellentes relations avec ses fournisseurs. (Our company enjoys excellent relations with its suppliers.)

talk to [sb], talk with [sb], have a discussion with [sb] (reflexive verb: converse with someone) ●

• Le professeur s’est entretenu avec les parents de l’élève. (The teacher talked with the student’s parents.)

keep fit, stay in shape (reflexive verb: maintain physical fitness) ●

• Mon père s’entretient en courant trois fois par semaine. (My father keeps fit by running three times a week.)

be maintained, be looked after (reflexive verb: be preserved) ●

• Ce type de parquet s’entretient facilement avec un balai humide. (This type of flooring is easily maintained with a damp mop.)

have a talk, have a discussion, talk about [sth], discuss (reflexive verb: discuss something together) ●

• Les délégués se sont entretenus des nouvelles mesures environnementales. (The delegates had a discussion about the new environmental measures.)

habiter [abite]

live, reside, dwell (intransitive verb: to dwell) ●

• Nous habitons près du centre-ville depuis cinq ans. (We have lived near the city centre for five years.)

live in, inhabit, occupy (transitive verb: have residence in) ●

• Ma sœur habite un petit appartement au dernier étage. (My sister lives in a small apartment on the top floor.)

quartier [kaʀtje]

district, quarter (noun [m]: administrative division of a city) ●

• Le marché se tient tous les samedis dans notre quartier. (The market is held every Saturday in our district.)

quarter, district, area, neighbourhood (noun [m]: vicinity of a residence) ●

• C’est un quartier calme, idéal pour les familles. (It’s a quiet neighbourhood, ideal for families.)

neighbourhood (noun [m]: figurative, local residents collectively) ●

• Tout le quartier parle de ce nouvel accident. (The whole neighbourhood is talking about this new accident.)

quarter (noun [m]: one fourth) ●

• Coupez l’oignon en quartiers avant de le faire revenir. (Cut the onion into quarters before sautéing it.)

segment (noun [m]: natural division of certain fruits) ●

• Elle a partagé les quartiers de mandarine avec ses enfants. (She shared the mandarin segments with her children.)

avocat [avɔka]

lawyer, counsel, solicitor, barrister, attorney (noun [m/f]: legal defender) ●

• Elle a consulté un avocat pour rédiger son testament. (She consulted a lawyer to draft her will.)

avocado (noun [m]: tropical fruit) ●

• J’ai préparé une salade avec de l’avocat et des tomates. (I prepared a salad with avocado and tomatoes.)

advocate, champion, defender (noun [m/f]: figurative, person who intercedes) ●

• Elle est devenue l’avocate des droits des animaux. (She has become an advocate for animal rights.)

accueillir [akœjiʀ]

welcome, make [sb] welcome, make [sb] feel welcome (transitive verb: receive warmly) ●

• Les habitants du village accueillent chaleureusement les visiteurs. (The villagers warmly welcome visitors.)

greet, receive, welcome (transitive verb: give a certain reception to) ●

• La nouvelle a été mal accueillie par les employés. (The news was poorly received by the employees.)

take, greet, receive (transitive verb: accept, respond to) ●

• Il a accueilli la critique avec philosophie. (He took the criticism philosophically.)

meet (transitive verb: go to receive someone) ●

• Je vais accueillir ma cousine à la gare ce soir. (I’m going to meet my cousin at the station this evening.)

have [sb] as a guest, receive, have, take [sb] in (transitive verb: provide lodging or refuge) ●

• Nous avons accueilli un étudiant étranger pendant un mois. (We had a foreign student as a guest for a month.)

house, accommodate (transitive verb: building providing shelter) ●

• Ce centre accueille plus de deux cents réfugiés. (This centre houses more than two hundred refugees.)

host (transitive verb: venue receiving an event) ●

• Paris accueillera les prochains championnats du monde d’athlétisme. (Paris will host the next world athletics championships.)

libérer [libeʀe]

release, free, set [sb] free, let [sb] go (transitive verb: release a prisoner) ●

• Le juge a décidé de libérer le suspect faute de preuves. (The judge decided to release the suspect due to lack of evidence.)

free [sb] from [sth], release [sb] from [sth] (transitive verb + preposition: rescue from constraint) ●

• Les pompiers ont libéré la victime des décombres. (The firefighters freed the victim from the rubble.)

liberate, free (transitive verb: deliver a country from enemy) ●

• Les forces alliées ont libéré la ville après de longs combats. (Allied forces liberated the city after long battles.)

make time, get away (reflexive verb: take one’s free time) ●

• Je vais essayer de me libérer vendredi pour ton anniversaire. (I’ll try to get away on Friday for your birthday.)

free yourself from [sth], get away from [sth], escape (reflexive verb: end something) ●

• Il cherche à se libérer de ses mauvaises habitudes. (He’s trying to free himself from his bad habits.)

vacate, leave, move out of [sth] (transitive verb: cease occupying a place) ●

• Les locataires doivent libérer les lieux avant le premier du mois. (The tenants must vacate the premises before the first of the month.)

free [sth] up, make [sth] available (transitive verb: make time available) ●

• J’ai réussi à libérer deux heures dans mon emploi du temps. (I managed to free up two hours in my schedule.)

become available, come up (reflexive verb: accommodation becoming vacant) ●

• Si une chambre se libère, je vous appellerai immédiatement. (If a room becomes available, I’ll call you immediately.)

give [sth] off, emit (transitive verb: produce, release) ●

• Cette réaction chimique libère une grande quantité de chaleur. (This chemical reaction gives off a large amount of heat.)

vivant [vivɑ̃]

living (adjective: having life) ●

• Les organismes vivants ont besoin d’eau pour survivre. (Living organisms need water to survive.)

alive (adjective: not dead) ●

• Heureusement, tous les passagers sont encore vivants. (Fortunately, all the passengers are still alive.)

life, living things (noun [m]: domain of living organisms) ●

• L’étude du vivant fascine les biologistes du monde entier. (The study of life fascinates biologists around the world.)

alive, lively, spirited, full of life (adjective: figurative, animated) ●

• C’est un enfant très vivant qui ne tient pas en place. (He’s a very lively child who can’t sit still.)

université [ynivɛʀsite]

university, college (noun [f]: institution of higher education) ●

• Ma fille a été acceptée dans une grande université parisienne. (My daughter was accepted at a major Parisian university.)

workshop, seminar (noun [f]: political training session) ●

• Les membres du parti se retrouvent chaque année pour l’université d’été. (Party members gather each year for the summer workshop.)

rire [ʀiʀ]

laugh, laughter (noun [m]: action of laughing) ●

• Son rire communicatif met tout le monde de bonne humeur. (His infectious laugh puts everyone in a good mood.)

laugh, giggle, burst into laughter (intransitive verb: express sudden joy) ●

• Les enfants rient aux éclats en regardant le spectacle de marionnettes. (The children laugh heartily while watching the puppet show.)

enjoy yourself, have a good time (intransitive verb: have fun) ●

• Nous avons ri toute la soirée entre amis. (We had a good time all evening among friends.)

joke, laugh, joke around (intransitive verb: jest) ●

• Ne le prends pas mal, je disais ça pour rire. (Don’t take it the wrong way, I was only joking.)

facilement [fasilmɑ̃]

easily, with ease (adverb: without difficulty) ●

• Elle résout facilement les problèmes de mathématiques les plus complexes. (She easily solves the most complex maths problems.)

easily (adverb: at least) ●

• Cette réparation coûtera facilement cinq cents euros. (This repair will easily cost five hundred euros.)

crainte [kʀɛ̃t]

fear (noun [f]: apprehension) ●

• La crainte de l’inconnu paralyse parfois les décisions importantes. (The fear of the unknown sometimes paralyzes important decisions.)

doubt, fear (noun [f]: uncertainty) ●

• J’ai quelques craintes concernant la viabilité de ce projet. (I have some doubts concerning the viability of this project.)

commettre [kɔmɛtʀ]

commit, perpetrate (transitive verb: carry out a wrongdoing) ●

• L’accusé a reconnu avoir commis plusieurs délits financiers. (The defendant admitted to committing several financial offences.)

assign, appoint (transitive verb: legal assignment) ●

• Le tribunal a commis un expert pour évaluer les dommages. (The court assigned an expert to assess the damages.)

précisément [pʀesisemɑ̃]

precisely, exactly (adverb: in exact terms) ●

• L’accident s’est produit précisément à minuit. (The accident happened precisely at midnight.)

precisely, with precision, accurately (adverb: with exactness) ●

• Le chirurgien a décrit précisément chaque étape de l’opération. (The surgeon precisely described each step of the operation.)

exactly, precisely (adverb: in every respect) ●

• C’est précisément ce que je cherchais depuis des mois. (That’s exactly what I’ve been looking for for months.)

correct (adjective: affirmative response) ●

• Tu penses qu’il a menti ? Précisément. (Do you think he lied? Correct.)

soutien [sutjɛ̃]

support, help, moral support (noun [m]: backing) ●

• Ton soutien pendant cette période difficile m’a été précieux. (Your support during this difficult time was precious to me.)

backing, support, aid (noun [m]: financial assistance) ●

• L’association a besoin du soutien financier de généreux donateurs. (The association needs the financial support of generous donors.)

support (noun [m]: physical support, as in clothing) ●

• Ce bandage offre un bon soutien pour les articulations fragilisées. (This bandage offers good support for weakened joints.)

supporter (noun [m]: person who helps) ●

• Il est un soutien indéfectible de cette cause humanitaire. (He is an unwavering supporter of this humanitarian cause.)

urgence [yʀʒɑ̃s]

urgency (noun [f]: need to act quickly) ●

• L’urgence de la situation exige une réponse immédiate. (The urgency of the situation demands an immediate response.)

emergency, crisis (noun [f]: pressing matter) ●

• Je dois partir, j’ai une urgence familiale. (I have to go, I have a family emergency.)

emergency (noun [f]: serious medical condition) ●

• Le médecin a confirmé que c’était une urgence vitale. (The doctor confirmed it was a life-threatening emergency.)

accident and emergency, emergency room (noun [f] pl: hospital department) ●

• Il a été transporté aux urgences après sa chute de vélo. (He was taken to the emergency room after his bicycle fall.)

clé [kle]

key (noun [f]: metal object for locks) ●

• J’ai perdu mes clés et je ne peux plus entrer chez moi. (I lost my keys and can’t get into my home anymore.)

spanner, wrench (noun [f]: tool for tightening) ●

• Passe-moi la clé de 10 pour serrer cet écrou. (Pass me the 10 mm spanner to tighten this nut.)

answer, solution, key (noun [f]: means to solve) ●

• La communication est la clé d’une relation réussie. (Communication is the key to a successful relationship.)

key, main (adjective: essential) ●

• Cette décision sera un moment clé dans l’histoire de l’entreprise. (This decision will be a key moment in the company’s history.)

key moment, pivotal moment (noun [f]: crucial point) ●

• La révélation finale constitue la clé de toute l’intrigue. (The final revelation constitutes the pivotal moment of the whole plot.)

key, code (noun [f]: cryptographic code) ●

• Sans la clé de chiffrement, il est impossible de lire ce message. (Without the encryption key, it’s impossible to read this message.)

clef, key (noun [f]: musical symbol) ●

• Le morceau est écrit en clé de sol pour la main droite. (The piece is written in treble clef for the right hand.)